Table 1.
Some reported fermented food products from whole grains.
Whole Grain(s) | Food | Type of Fermentation | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Barley and oat | Tempe | SSF | Eklund-Jonsson et al. [59] |
Maize | Akamu/Ogi | SSF | Oyarekua [60], Obinna-Echem et al. [61] |
Millet | Koji | SSF | Salar et al. [62] |
Millet | Probiotic drink | SmF | Di Stefano et al. [63] |
Millet | Fermented milk | SmF | Sheela et al. [64] |
Millet | Sourdough bread | SSF | Wang et al. [65] |
Oat | Fermented oat | SSF | Wu et al. [66] |
Oat, wheat | Bread | SSF | Gamel et al. [67] |
Quinoa | Yoghurt | SmF | Zannini et al. [68] |
Quinoa, wheat | Fermented product | SSF | Ayyash et al. [69] |
Rye, oat, wheat | Bread | SSF | Buddrick et al. [70] |
Rye, wheat | Sourdough bread | SSF | Koistinen et al. [71] |
Rye | Bread | SSF | Johansson et al. [72], Raninen et al. [73] |
Rye | Porridge | SSF | Lee et al. [74] |
Rye | Sourdough bread | SSF | Beckmann et al. [75], Zamaratskaia et al. [76] |
Sorghum | Burukutu | SmF | Ikediobi et al. [77] |
Sorghum | Fermented balls | SSF | Ragaee and Abdel-Aal [78] |
Sorghum | Fermented porridge | SSF | Dlamini et al. [79] |
Sorghum | Injera | SSF | Taylor and Taylor [80] |
Sorghum | Ogi | SmF | Akingbala et al. [81] |
Sorghum | Omuramba | SmF | Mukuru et al. [82] |
Sorghum | Ting | SSF | Kruger et al. [83], Adebo et al. [84,85] |
Sorghum | Uji | SmF | Taylor and Taylor [80] |
Tef | Injera | SSF | Tamene et al. [86] |
Wheat | Boza | SmF | Gotcheva et al. [87] |
Wheat | Bread | SSF | Mustafa and Adem [88], Struyf et al. [89] |
Wheat | Sourdough bread | SSF | García-Mantrana et al. [90] |
Wheat | Tempe | SSF | Dey and Kuhad [91], Starzyńska-Janiszewska et al. [92] |
SSF—solid-state fermentation. SmF—submerged/liquid fermentation.