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. 2020 Feb 19;25(4):927. doi: 10.3390/molecules25040927

Table 1.

Some reported fermented food products from whole grains.

Whole Grain(s) Food Type of Fermentation Reference
Barley and oat Tempe SSF Eklund-Jonsson et al. [59]
Maize Akamu/Ogi SSF Oyarekua [60],
Obinna-Echem et al. [61]
Millet Koji SSF Salar et al. [62]
Millet Probiotic drink SmF Di Stefano et al. [63]
Millet Fermented milk SmF Sheela et al. [64]
Millet Sourdough bread SSF Wang et al. [65]
Oat Fermented oat SSF Wu et al. [66]
Oat, wheat Bread SSF Gamel et al. [67]
Quinoa Yoghurt SmF Zannini et al. [68]
Quinoa, wheat Fermented product SSF Ayyash et al. [69]
Rye, oat, wheat Bread SSF Buddrick et al. [70]
Rye, wheat Sourdough bread SSF Koistinen et al. [71]
Rye Bread SSF Johansson et al. [72],
Raninen et al. [73]
Rye Porridge SSF Lee et al. [74]
Rye Sourdough bread SSF Beckmann et al. [75],
Zamaratskaia et al. [76]
Sorghum Burukutu SmF Ikediobi et al. [77]
Sorghum Fermented balls SSF Ragaee and Abdel-Aal [78]
Sorghum Fermented porridge SSF Dlamini et al. [79]
Sorghum Injera SSF Taylor and Taylor [80]
Sorghum Ogi SmF Akingbala et al. [81]
Sorghum Omuramba SmF Mukuru et al. [82]
Sorghum Ting SSF Kruger et al. [83],
Adebo et al. [84,85]
Sorghum Uji SmF Taylor and Taylor [80]
Tef Injera SSF Tamene et al. [86]
Wheat Boza SmF Gotcheva et al. [87]
Wheat Bread SSF Mustafa and Adem [88],
Struyf et al. [89]
Wheat Sourdough bread SSF García-Mantrana et al. [90]
Wheat Tempe SSF Dey and Kuhad [91],
Starzyńska-Janiszewska et al. [92]

SSF—solid-state fermentation. SmF—submerged/liquid fermentation.