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. 2020 Feb 14;25(4):835. doi: 10.3390/molecules25040835

Figure 1.

Figure 1

mRNA expression of heat shock protein genes in Caco-2 cells grown under normal temperature conditions (37 °C) or under heat stress (41 °C), without (control) or with the addition of ginseng extract. The final concentrations of ginsenosides were 22.5 mg/L (Gin 22.5), 45 mg/L (Gin 45.0), 90 mg/L (Gin 90.0) and 135 mg/L (Gin 135.0). The expression levels of HSPA1A (A), HSPD1 (B) and HSPB1 (C) are indicated as fold-changes normalized to the control at the normal temperature condition of 37 °C. Error bars are based on the standard deviation (n = 6). **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01 and * p < 0.05 indicate significant differences from the control under the 41 °C heat stress condition.