Table 2.

Identification of chemical compounds in A. unedo leaves using the LC-ESI-QTOF-MS technique.

Compound	Rt (min)	Molecular Formula	MH+/ MNa+	Error (ppm)	Score (%)	MS fragment (m/z)	UV λ (nm)	Fresh Leaves					Dried Leaves					Ref.
								FL1	FL2	FL3	FL4	FL5	DL1	DL2	DL3	DL4	DL5
Phenolic acids
Anisic acid	1.4	C8H8O3Na	175.0389	1.2	95		283	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[42]
Caffeic acid	5.5	C9H8O4	181.0498	0.4	100		238, 322						√	√				[43]
Ellagic acid	12.1	C14H6O8	303.0136	0.8	100		255, 365	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[44]
Ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	10.1	C20H16O13	465.0659	0.7	100	303.0136	256, 348	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[46]
Ferulic acid	1.7	C10H10O4	195.0652	2.1	100		325	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[45]
Gallic acid	3.2	C7H6O5	171.0287	0.3	100		217, 271	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[42]
Galloyl quinic acid (3-O- or 5-O-)	3.9	C14H16O10	345.0814	0.3	98		Nd	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[36]
Quinic acid	0.9	C7H12O6	193.0706	0.5	100		-	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[43]
Shikimic acid gallate (3-O- or 5-O-)	7.1	C14H14O9	327.0711	0.7	100	174.1350	215, 277	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[36]
Syringic acid	10.6	C9H10O5	199.0601	0.1	100		273	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[44]
Flavonoids
Afzelin	14.4	C21H20O10	433.1131	0.1	100	287.0550	265, 301, 347	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[44]
Catechin	9.4	C15H14O6	291.0866	1.2	100		280	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[47]
Isovitexin 7-O-glucoside	12.9	C27H30O15	595.1658	0.1	100	432.3768	265, 330	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[43]
Kaempferol	14.2	C15H10O7	287.0550	0.1	100		254, 365	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[35]
Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	13.2	C21H20O11	449.1077	0.3	100	287.0488	264, 347	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[40]
Myricetin 3-O-xyloside	12.4	C20H18O12	451.0752	0.5	100	319.0435	255, 373	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[47]
Naringenin 7-O-glucoside	12.4	C21H22O10	435.1257	0.2	100	273.5640	283, 332	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[43]
Norbergenin	9.2	C13H14O9	315.0710	0.5	100		222, 289						√	√				[41]
Rutin	12.4	C27H30O16	611.1612	0.2	100	303.0499	253, 352	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[47]
Hyperoside(*)	12.8	C21H20O12	465.1031	0.8	100	303.0499	254, 353	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[35]
Isoquercitrin(*)	12.8	C21H20O12	465.1031	0.8	100	303.0499	253, 353	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[35]
Myricetin	12.6	C15H10O8	319.0446	0.1	100		255, 375			√	√		√					[45]
Myricetin 3-O-rhamnopyranoside(*)	12.7	C21H20O12	465.1031	0.4	100	319.0389	253, 365	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[39]
Quercetin 3-O-arabinoside(**)	13.4	C20H18O11	435.7749	0.3	100	303.0499	253, 353	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[39]
Quercetin 3-O-xyloside(**)	13.5	C20H18O11	435.7749	0.3	100	303.0499	254, 356	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[47]
Quercitrin	13.6	C21H20O11	449.1079	0.7	100	303.0499	254, 356	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[35]
Proanthocyanidins
Gallocatechin	6.8	C15H14O7	307.0811	2.9	89		271			√	√		√	√	√			[47]
Epicatechin-4,6-catechin(***)	9.5	C30H26O12	579.1495	0.1	100	291.0851	280	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[47]
Epicatechin-4,8-epicatechin(***)	11.8	C30H26O12	579.1492	0.3	100	291.0851	280	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[47]
Iridoids
Asperuloside	1.8	C18H22O11	415.1214	4.4	84		239			√			√	√				[34]
Gardenoside	5.9	C17H24O11	405.1391	0.5	96		237	√	√	√		√	√	√	√		√	[34]
Geniposide	10.5	C17H24O10	389.1447	0.8	98		239						√	√				[34]
Stilbericoside	15.7	C14H20O10	349.1129	0.1	99		Nd								√			[48]
Unedide	1.2	C16H24O12	409.1340	0.4	100		Nd			√			√	√	√	√	√	[48]
Unedoside	11.2	C14H20O10	333.0819	0.4	95		Nd						√	√				[48]
Phenolic glucosides
Arbutin	1.8	C12H16O7Na	295.0793	0.8	96		230, 282						√	√				[44]
p-hydroxybenzoic acid glucuronide	9.8	C13H14O9	315.0712	0.5	94		253		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[42]

FL: fresh leaves extracts; DL: dried leaves extracts. 1. Ethanolic maceration; 2. hydroalcoholic maceration; 3. decoction; 4. ethanol extraction Soxhlet apparatus; 5. ethanol ultrasound-assisted extraction. Rt: Retention time. √: presence. Nd: not detected. -: no UV. (*) (**)(***): Interchangeable. Ref.: references.