Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample, by gender.
| Total (n = 848) | Boys (n = 408) | Girls (n = 440) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 0.986 |
| Anthropometric measures | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 37.3 ± 9.1 | 37.6 ± 9.3 | 37.0 ± 8.9 | 0.331 |
| Height (cm) | 139.6 ± 7.0 | 139.5 ± 6.8 | 139.7 ± 7.2 | 0.713 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.0 ± 3.6 | 19.1 ± 3.7 | 18.8 ± 3.6 | 0.183 |
| WC (cm) | 67.5 ± 9.2 | 68.2 ± 9.5 | 66.8 ± 8.8 | 0.025 |
| WtHR | 0.5 ± 0.06 | 0.5 ± 0.06 | 0.5 ± 0.06 | 0.011 |
| Biochemical measurements | ||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 83.1 ± 6.3 | 84.3 ± 6.3 | 82.0 ± 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) * | 6.9 (5.1, 9.4) | 6.3 (4.8, 8.5) | 7.5 (5.6, 10.2) | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) * | 58 (44, 81) | 55 (41, 77) | 62 (47.3, 84) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 59.9 ± 13.4 | 61.6 ± 14.0 | 58.3 ± 12.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 100.6 ± 9.0 | 101.9 ± 9.1 | 99.4 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 62.0 ± 7.3 | 61.9 ± 7.3 | 62.1 ± 7.2 | 0.767 |
| MetS | 0.01 ± 2.4 | 0.04 ± 2.4 | −0.02 ± 2.4 | 0.692 |
| Frequency of metabolic abnormalities | % (n) | |||
| HDL-C (<40mg/dL) | 11.8 (100) | 9.1 (37) | 14.3 (63) | 0.018 |
| TG (>130mg/dL) | 14 (119) | 10.8 (44) | 17 (75) | 0.009 |
| Elevated BP (P> 95) | 3.2 (27) | 3.7 (15) | 2.7 (12) | 0.432 |
| Insulin (>15.05 µU/mL) | 6.8 (58) | 4.9 (20) | 8.6 (38) | 0.030 |
| MetS (>+1SD) | 33.3 (282) | 35.5 (145) | 31.2 (137) | 0.174 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (95% confident intervals); * Data are presented as median (interquartile range: 25th–75th percentile); BMI = body mass index; WC = waist circumference; WtHR= waist-to-height ratio; TG = triglycerides; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; BP = blood pressure P = percentile; MetS = metabolic syndrome index.