The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory (A) chemokines and (B) cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6~8 for each group. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the significant effects of fat and vitamin D content and an interaction. ab Different superscripts indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test. CON: 10% kcal fat diet; HFD: 45% kcal fat diet; DC: 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet; 25DS: 25,000 IU vitamin D/kg diet. Mcp-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Rantes, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; Mip-1γ, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma; Il-6, interleukin 6; Il-1β, interleukin 1beta; Tnf-α, Tumor necrosis factor; Ifn-γ, interferon gamma.