Figure 1.

Exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) were isolated from a variety of mushrooms. (A) Sizes of ELNs from different mushrooms. (B) Yield of ELNs from different mushrooms. (C) Morphology of shiitake mushroom-derived ELNs under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Main figure: magnification 20,000×, Inset: magnification 50,000×. (D) RNA gels showed the size of RNAs isolated from three mushroom-derived ELNs. The agarose gel was used. nt: Nucleotides. “−” means no RNase was incubated with RNAs and “+” means that RNase was incubated with RNAs for 30 min at 37 °C before RNAs were loaded on the gel. (E) Coomassie blue staining of protein gels showed various proteins in mushroom-derived ELNs. Bis-Tris protein gels were used. (F) Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis demonstrated multiple lipid species in mushroom-derived ELNs. TLC silica gel plates were used, and lipids were visualized using CuSO₄ phosphoric acid solution.