Table 5.
Associations between mid-pregnancy dietary quality and adherence to the Institute of Medicine guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) [1] among women in the GraviD cohort.
| Insufficient GWG | Adequate GWG | Excessive GWG | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR 1 | p | OR 1 | p | OR 1 | p | |
| Dietary quality 2 | ||||||
| High quality diet (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Fair quality diet | 0.580 | 0.168 | 0.804 | 0.567 | 3.291 | 0.038 |
| Poor quality diet | 0.400 | 0.023 | 0.831 | 0.630 | 4.351 | 0.010 |
| Components of index 3 | ||||||
| Fibre intake score (0–4 points) | 1.043 | 0.536 | 0.961 | 0.499 | 1.012 | 0.849 |
| Fat intake score (0–6 points) | 1.225 | <0.001 | 0.961 | 0.419 | 0.876 | 0.014 |
| Discretionary food intake score (0–2 points) | 1.050 | 0.645 | 1.126 | 0.202 | 0.818 | 0.053 |
1 Logistic regression models were adjusted for gestational age at registration in the first trimester, total gestational duration, maternal age, BMI in the first trimester, nulliparity, preexisting medical disorders, tobacco use in the first trimester and education level. 2 Dietary quality assessed by an index (score 0–12) designed to indicate intake of fibre, fat and discretionary food, where ≤4 points equals poor dietary quality, 5–8 points fair dietary quality and ≥9 points high dietary quality [22]. 3 Higher scores indicate higher dietary quality.