Table 2.
Effects of lifestyle interventions on gestational weight gain (GWG) and the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM), and the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes according to meta-analyses. Only significant effects on adverse neonatal outcomes are reported in the table. RDS: respiratory distress syndrome. ND: not determined.
| GWG kg Mean [SD] |
Risk for GDM OR or RR [95% CI] |
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes OR or RR [95% CI] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All lifestyle interventions | N | |||
| Peaceman 2018 * [19] | 1150 | −1.58 [−2.18, −0.99] | 0.92 [0.61, 1.40] | Preterm birth < 28 wks: 0.48 [0.22, 0.95] |
| Diet, exercise or both | N | |||
| Muktabhan 2015 [21] | 11,444 | Risk of excessive GWG RR [95% CI] 0.80 [0.73, 0.87] |
ND | RDS in overweight/obese: 0.47 [0.26, 0.85] |
| i-WIP 2017 [22] | 9320 | −0.70 [−0.92, −0.48] | 0.89 [0.72, 1.10] | None |
| Shieh 2018 * [20] | 6920 | −1.81 [−3.47, −0.16] | ND | ND |
| Diet | N | |||
| i-WIP 2017 [22] | 1168 | −0.72 [−1.48, −0.04] | 1.03 [0.30, 3.61] | Preterm birth: 0.28 [0.08, 0.96] |
| Shieh 2018 * [20] | 719 | −5.77 [−9.34, −2.21] | ND | ND |
| Exercise | N | |||
| Sanabrina-Martinez 2015 [14] | 2873 | −1.14 [−1.50, −0.78] | 0.69 [0.52, 0.91] | ND |
| i-WIP 2017 [22] | 2915 | −0.73 [−1.11, −0.34] | 0.67 [0.46, 0.99] | None |
| Ruchat 2018 [23] | 5819 | −0.90 [−1.23, −0.57] | ND | ND |
| Diet + exercise | N | |||
| i-WIP 2017 [22] | 2981 | −0.71 [−1.10, −0.31] | 1.02 [0.79, 1.32] | None |
| Shieh 2018 * [20] | 5853 | −0.82 [−1.28, −0.36] | ND | ND |
* only women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.