Table 1.
Anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical characteristics of the whole study population and according to different obesity phenotypes.
| All (n = 876) | MHO (n = 292) | MUHO (n = 292) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender m/f | 380/496 | 127/165 | 132/160 | 0.677 * |
| Age, years | 48.3 ± 0.5 | 47.4 ± 0.8 | 48.3 ± 0.9 | 0.454 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 171 (19.5) | 61 (20.9) | 57 (19.5) | 0.680 * |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 36.0 ± 0.2 | 35.0 ± 0.4 | 35.9 ± 0.3 | 0.080 |
| WC, cm | 109.6 ± 0.4 | 106.7 ± 0.6 | 113.4 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.7 ± 0.5 | 130.5 ± 0.7 | 134.3 ± 1.1 | 0.005 |
| DBP, mmHg | 85.1 ± 0.3 | 84.9 ± 0.5 | 85.5 ± 0.6 | 0.478 |
| Pulse Pressure, mmHg | 47.6 ± 0.5 | 45.6 ± 0.7 | 48.9 ± 1.1 | 0.012 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 72.8 ± 0.4 | 69.8 ± 0.6 | 75.7 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 124.6 ± 1.2 | 124.4 ± 2.1 | 124.8 ± 2.3 | 0.913 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 49.2 ± 0.4 | 51.1 ± 0.7 | 45.5 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 128.9 ± 2.2 | 116.6 ± 3.4 | 149.5 ± 4.6 | <0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.002 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 108.5 ± 0.9 | 118.8 ± 1.9 | 96.5 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 5.2 ± 0.05 | 4.9 ± 0.08 | 5.6 ± 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 94.6 ± 0.5 | 90.9 ± 0.6 | 99.6 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting insulin, µU/ml | 11.6 ± 0.2 | 9.1 ± 0.2 | 15.6 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 |
| Matsuda index | 62.6 ± 0.9 | 91.4 ± 1.9 | 39.1 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
* by χ2 test. MHO = metabolically healthy obese; MUHO = metabolically unhealthy obese; BMI = body mass index; WC = waist circumference; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.