Table 2.
Mean and distribution of nutrient intakes by consumer group for children aged one to two years, three to four years.
| 1 to 2 Years | 3 to 4 Years | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference Intake | Mean and Distribution of Intakes | Reference Intake | Mean and Distribution of Intakes | |||||||||||||||||
| M/F | Mean | SD | a | 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | M/F | Mean | SD | a | 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | |||
| Energy (kcal) | 1000/920 1 | 1350/1260 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 690.2 | 383.0 | 253.9 | 404.7 | 629.6 | 901.8 | 1236.5 | All | 915.1 | 395.0 | 455.6 | 616.1 | 860.5 | 1151.3 | 1459.5 | |||||
| YCM | 798.4 | 377.4 | 343.3 | 492.1 | 774.8 | 1047.8 | 1347.2 | PCM | 1058.6 | 408.5 | 502.6 | 817.5 | 1011.8 | 1351.4 | 1538.4 | |||||
| Other milk | 802.2 | 378.5 | N.S. | 380.3 | 532.8 | 741.1 | 1004.1 | 1338.4 | Other milk | 1031.2 | 392.1 | N.S. | 574.0 | 727.8 | 974.8 | 1265.1 | 1607.6 | |||
| Non-dairy | 543.3 | 338.1 | * | 175.0 | 290.4 | 474.2 | 727.9 | 989.8 | Non-dairy | 828.1 | 371.6 | * | 410.7 | 552.6 | 772.3 | 1036.0 | 1318.2 | |||
| Protein (g) | 15/14 | 18/17 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 22.3 | 14.6 | 6.6 | 11.6 | 19.7 | 30.0 | 40.6 | All | 28.8 | 14.8 | 12.6 | 18.3 | 26.2 | 36.6 | 47.1 | |||||
| YCM | 24.6 | 13.3 | 9.6 | 14.9 | 22.9 | 33.8 | 42.4 | PCM | 34.8 | 18.8 | 16.9 | 22.3 | 33.8 | 42.8 | 50.2 | |||||
| Other milk | 28.7 | 15.9 | ǂ | 11.8 | 17.4 | 25.5 | 36.7 | 50.1 | Other milk | 34.5 | 14.6 | N.S. | 18.8 | 24.2 | 32.0 | 42.8 | 54.6 | |||
| Non-dairy | 16.0 | 11.2 | * | 4.5 | 7.7 | 13.4 | 22.2 | 31.3 | Non-dairy | 24.7 | 12.7 | * | 11.0 | 15.3 | 22.6 | 31.2 | 41.8 | |||
| Total fat (g) | 25–35%E | 15–30%E | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 19.0 | 15.9 | 2.8 | 7.0 | 14.9 | 27.1 | 40.8 | All | 21.1 | 16.7 | 4.4 | 9.0 | 16.6 | 29.1 | 44.0 | |||||
| YCM | 25.8 | 16.4 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 23.6 | 35.3 | 45.6 | PCM | 34.2 | 19.5 | 12.9 | 21.2 | 29.6 | 44.8 | 58.6 | |||||
| Other milk | 25.3 | 16.5 | N.S. | 8.1 | 13.5 | 20.9 | 33.1 | 48.3 | Other milk | 28.8 | 16.8 | # | 11.1 | 15.9 | 24.7 | 39.3 | 50.9 | |||
| Non-dairy | 10.3 | 9.8 | * | 1.3 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 14.0 | 22.1 | Non-dairy | 14.9 | 12.9 | * | 2.9 | 5.9 | 11.6 | 19.4 | 31.5 | |||
| Carbohydrates (g) | 50–69%E | 55–79%E | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 107.4 | 58.5 | 40.3 | 66.4 | 97.4 | 139.8 | 185.1 | All | 152.6 | 66.0 | 77.9 | 104.5 | 143.7 | 190.8 | 240.7 | |||||
| YCM | 116.5 | 54.2 | 53.6 | 76.1 | 110.0 | 152.8 | 188.3 | PCM | 153.2 | 62.7 | 80.0 | 114.6 | 142.9 | 189.5 | 237.7 | |||||
| Other milk | 114.7 | 54.8 | N.S. | 56.0 | 75.6 | 102.1 | 141.4 | 189.4 | Other milk | 158.6 | 64.3 | N.S. | 85.3 | 110.2 | 149.3 | 195.0 | 248.6 | |||
| Non-dairy | 96.7 | 61.9 | * | 30.9 | 51.8 | 84.9 | 127.4 | 175.8 | Non-dairy | 148.9 | 67.2 | N.S. | 73.3 | 100.1 | 139.2 | 185.1 | 236.6 | |||
| Fibre (g) | 6–7 | 8–10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 5.7 | All | 4.5 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 8.0 | |||||
| YCM | 2.6 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 5.4 | PCM | 4.3 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 7.6 | |||||
| Other milk | 2.8 | 2.0 | N.S. | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 5.4 | Other milk | 4.4 | 2.6 | N.S. | 1.6 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 7.8 | |||
| Non-dairy | 3.1 | 2.5 | # | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 6.1 | Non-dairy | 4.7 | 2.8 | N.S. | 1.9 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 8.2 | |||
| Sodium (mg) | 225 2 | 300 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 512.6 | 499.2 | 70.2 | 195.6 | 405.4 | 685.1 | 1036.2 | All | 686.5 | 590.8 | 125.7 | 290.5 | 553.0 | 923.1 | 1369.2 | |||||
| YCM | 478.1 | 407.6 | 85.3 | 215.6 | 403.0 | 621.4 | 892.3 | PCM | 756.5 | 557.5 | 243.3 | 410.5 | 601.5 | 994.4 | 1435.9 | |||||
| Other milk | 636.4 | 491.5 | * | 175.2 | 313.0 | 531.3 | 834.4 | 1160.5 | Other milk | 833.8 | 622.9 | N.S. | 256.5 | 427.6 | 687.4 | 1043.2 | 1527.3 | |||
| Non-dairy | 430.8 | 528.8 | * | 21.5 | 108.0 | 294.2 | 564.5 | 906.3 | Non-dairy | 590.9 | 556.3 | * | 83.4 | 215.1 | 443.2 | 794.2 | 1266.9 | |||
| Calcium (mg) | 440 | 440 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 374.6 | 428.2 | 36.6 | 82.5 | 209.6 | 518.2 | 947.5 | All | 283.1 | 275.6 | 73.5 | 116.7 | 199.2 | 342.8 | 572.3 | |||||
| YCM | 622.3 | 534.3 | 57.3 | 204.7 | 510.2 | 890.5 | 1268.4 | PCM | 419.8 | 401.3 | 67.0 | 160.6 | 320.1 | 546.2 | 856.9 | |||||
| Other milk | 540.1 | 425.2 | N.S. | 134.8 | 239.3 | 407.8 | 697.5 | 1111.9 | Other milk | 446.5 | 310.1 | * | 187.8 | 242.4 | 357.5 | 524.5 | 819.2 | |||
| Non-dairy | 111.5 | 94.9 | * | 20.2 | 44.1 | 86.6 | 156.1 | 220.8 | Non-dairy | 169.3 | 148.7 | * | 61.7 | 91.6 | 138.5 | 203.8 | 302.2 | |||
| Phosphorus (mg) | 380 | 405 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 395.7 | 304.2 | 99.6 | 183.4 | 318.9 | 516.7 | 788.0 | All | 460.4 | 241.2 | 199.9 | 289.4 | 416.2 | 582.7 | 768.4 | |||||
| YCM | 407.6 | 282.6 | 90.6 | 206.1 | 343.1 | 595.6 | 800.8 | PCM | 501.6 | 275.8 | 176.0 | 298.6 | 487.4 | 641.1 | 890.1 | |||||
| Other milk | 574.7 | 350.0 | * | 221.5 | 332.9 | 488.6 | 721.8 | 1074.3 | Other milk | 593.3 | 262.0 | * | 321.9 | 411.4 | 536.9 | 711.1 | 956.7 | |||
| Non-dairy | 245.1 | 163.1 | * | 69.3 | 123.0 | 214.8 | 328.7 | 456.8 | Non-dairy | 377.0 | 179.6 | * | 174.3 | 242.9 | 346.6 | 478.2 | 621.5 | |||
| Iron (mg) | 6.4/7.0 | 7.5/7.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 4.4 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 9.7 | All | 5.2 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 6.6 | 9.1 | |||||
| YCM | 8.7 | 6.8 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 7.4 | 11.9 | 16.5 | PCM | 8.7 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 8.3 | 10.6 | 15.3 | |||||
| Other milk | 3.4 | 4.7 | * | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 6.1 | Other milk | 5.3 | 3.9 | * | 2.0 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 9.3 | |||
| Non-dairy | 3.0 | 2.4 | * | 0.6 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 6.1 | Non-dairy | 4.6 | 3.2 | * | 1.6 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 8.1 | |||
| Magnesium (mg) | 60/60 2 | 70/70 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 59.3 | 48.0 | 15.7 | 28.0 | 47.7 | 76.9 | 114.0 | All | 88.0 | 60.1 | 37.6 | 52.5 | 76.5 | 107.9 | 142.1 | |||||
| YCM | 73.0 | 50.3 | 21.0 | 37.4 | 62.0 | 100.2 | 136.3 | PCM | 92.6 | 53.6 | 34.9 | 56.5 | 87.7 | 121.3 | 153.3 | |||||
| Other milk | 56.7 | 53.4 | * | 16.3 | 26.0 | 41.9 | 68.6 | 109.2 | Other milk | 92.0 | 66.4 | N.S. | 34.7 | 52.4 | 75.8 | 111.0 | 154.7 | |||
| Non-dairy | 54.3 | 40.2 | * | 13.6 | 26.3 | 45.4 | 72.2 | 102.9 | Non-dairy | 85.0 | 56.8 | N.S. | 39.6 | 52.7 | 75.9 | 103.9 | 132.2 | |||
| Potassium (mg) | 1000 2 | 1400 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 481.2 | 400.3 | 118.1 | 218.1 | 370.4 | 605.1 | 994.8 | All | 627.3 | 396.4 | 252.8 | 357.1 | 536.5 | 795.8 | 1085.5 | |||||
| YCM | 707.7 | 541.9 | 156.1 | 314.5 | 560.7 | 1051.0 | 1351.9 | PCM | 812.4 | 525.4 | 280.2 | 464.9 | 718.2 | 1042.5 | 1441.4 | |||||
| Other milk | 471.0 | 355.3 | * | 164.7 | 247.1 | 380.1 | 567.8 | 840.6 | Other milk | 691.6 | 425.7 | # | 292.9 | 406.3 | 591.6 | 876.9 | 1145.8 | |||
| Non-dairy | 370.8 | 281.6 | * | 88.5 | 164.0 | 300.9 | 506.5 | 769.1 | Non-dairy | 565.3 | 342.2 | * | 239.2 | 339.8 | 477.1 | 704.8 | 975.8 | |||
| Selenium (μg) | 13.6/13.0 | 16.1/15.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 30.7 | 23.4 | 7.9 | 14.2 | 25.8 | 40.9 | 58.9 | All | 47.1 | 27.0 | 17.6 | 27.1 | 41.5 | 61.2 | 83.5 | |||||
| YCM | 27.8 | 21.4 | 5.2 | 12.1 | 22.8 | 39.1 | 53.0 | PCM | 48.1 | 24.3 | 19.5 | 30.5 | 44.9 | 65.2 | 79.3 | |||||
| Other milk | 33.7 | 24.3 | * | 10.9 | 16.9 | 27.6 | 43.0 | 62.4 | Other milk | 50.6 | 28.6 | N.S. | 20.0 | 30.5 | 44.6 | 65.1 | 87.8 | |||
| Non-dairy | 29.8 | 23.4 | N.S. | 7.2 | 13.3 | 24.1 | 39.9 | 59.0 | Non-dairy | 44.9 | 26.1 | N.S. | 16.5 | 25.9 | 39.6 | 58.7 | 79.6 | |||
| Zinc (mg) | 2.8/2.6 | 3.3/3.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 6.3 | All | 3.3 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 6.1 | |||||
| YCM | 5.4 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 10.1 | PCM | 5.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 9.0 | |||||
| Other milk | 2.7 | 1.8 | * | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 4.8 | Other milk | 3.7 | 2.1 | * | 1.6 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 6.5 | |||
| Non-dairy | 1.9 | 1.8 | * | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 3.7 | Non-dairy | 2.8 | 1.9 | * | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 4.8 | |||
| Thiamin (mg) | 0.4/0.4 | 0.5/0.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | All | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 | |||||
| YCM | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | PCM | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | |||||
| Other milk | 0.4 | 0.4 | * | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | Other milk | 0.6 | 0.4 | * | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | |||
| Non-dairy | 0.3 | 0.3 | * | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | Non-dairy | 0.4 | 0.3 | * | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | |||
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.4/0.4 | 0.5/0.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.6 | All | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | |||||
| YCM | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.9 | PCM | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | |||||
| Other milk | 1.1 | 0.9 | * | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.3 | Other milk | 1.1 | 3.1 | * | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.7 | |||
| Non-dairy | 0.2 | 0.2 | * | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | Non-dairy | 0.4 | 0.3 | * | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | |||
| Niacin (mg) | 5/5 | 5/5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 5.8 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 11.2 | All | 8.4 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 7.4 | 10.7 | 14.4 | |||||
| YCM | 7.9 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 7.2 | 10.3 | 14.2 | PCM | 10.7 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 10.7 | 14.0 | 16.5 | |||||
| Other milk | 5.2 | 3.8 | * | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 9.5 | Other milk | 8.6 | 6.1 | * | 3.4 | 5.2 | 7.5 | 10.4 | 14.4 | |||
| Non-dairy | 5.1 | 3.8 | * | 1.2 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 7.1 | 10.2 | Non-dairy | 7.9 | 4.3 | * | 3.1 | 4.8 | 7.1 | 10.2 | 13.7 | |||
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.4/0.5 | 0.5/0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | All | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | |||||
| YCM | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | PCM | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.5 | |||||
| Other milk | 0.4 | 0.5 | * | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | Other milk | 0.7 | 0.6 | * | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | |||
| Non-dairy | 0.4 | 0.3 | * | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | Non-dairy | 0.6 | 0.3 | * | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | |||
| Vitamin B12 (mg) | 0.8/0.9 | 0.9/1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 2.7 | All | 1.9 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 3.8 | |||||
| YCM | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 3.0 | PCM | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.5 | |||||
| Other milk | 1.2 | 2.2 | * | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 2.9 | Other milk | 1.9 | 5.0 | N.S. | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 3.8 | |||
| Non-dairy | 1.0 | 1.6 | * | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 2.4 | Non-dairy | 1.8 | 3.2 | # | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 4.0 | |||
| Folate (μg) | 120/120 | 160/160 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 101.1 | 106.4 | 12.6 | 31.3 | 69.0 | 133.4 | 232.8 | All | 126.6 | 104.8 | 24.6 | 53.2 | 99.7 | 167.8 | 263.3 | |||||
| YCM | 184.1 | 153.9 | 36.7 | 66.6 | 140.0 | 266.1 | 388.5 | PCM | 212.7 | 131.1 | 75.3 | 121.2 | 180.2 | 292.4 | 404.0 | |||||
| Other milk | 74.9 | 66.1 | * | 11.7 | 26.5 | 58.3 | 98.1 | 165.4 | Other milk | 115.9 | 89.1 | * | 26.6 | 52.2 | 93.1 | 158.9 | 234.4 | |||
| Non-dairy | 78.9 | 76.5 | * | 9.6 | 24.5 | 55.6 | 109.7 | 175.9 | Non-dairy | 121.5 | 104.5 | * | 22.1 | 48.4 | 95.0 | 158.5 | 255.2 | |||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 12/11 | 17/17 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 21.2 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 9.2 | 24.9 | 58.4 | All | 19.2 | 30.4 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 8.6 | 21.9 | 47.4 | |||||
| YCM | 50.8 | 43.9 | 2.0 | 18.3 | 40.1 | 74.0 | 109.4 | PCM | 40.7 | 43.4 | 5.5 | 13.6 | 28.1 | 53.2 | 90.1 | |||||
| Other milk | 14.2 | 18.2 | * | 2.0 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 16.8 | 28.7 | Other milk | 18.8 | 25.5 | * | 2.6 | 5.0 | 10.2 | 20.4 | 42.4 | |||
| Non-dairy | 11.4 | 26.8 | * | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 13.0 | 29.6 | Non-dairy | 16.6 | 29.9 | * | 0.0 | 0.6 | 6.3 | 18.1 | 42.0 | |||
| Vitamin D (μg) | 5 3 | 5 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 2.1 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 5.9 | All | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 4.1 | |||||
| YCM | 5.9 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 8.1 | 12.4 | PCM | 4.3 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 5.2 | 8.1 | |||||
| Other milk | 1.0 | 2.1 | * | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 2.6 | Other milk | 1.4 | 1.5 | * | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.3 | |||
| Non-dairy | 1.1 | 2.2 | * | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 2.6 | Non-dairy | 1.5 | 2.3 | * | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 3.6 | |||
| Vitamin E (mg) | 4 3 | 4 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 4.6 | All | 2.0 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 4.3 | |||||
| YCM | 4.2 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 9.0 | PCM | 4.7 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 8.9 | |||||
| Other milk | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.5 | Other milk | 2 | 1.9 | * | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 4.1 | |||
| Non-dairy | 1.1 | 1.1 | * | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.6 | Non-dairy | 1.7 | 1.8 | * | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.3 | |||
A represents test for significance between mean intakes of YCM/PCM consumers and Other milk consumers, and YCM/PCM consumers and Non-dairy consumers. N.S. non-significant; # p < 0.05; ǂ p <0.01; * p <0.001. M = Male; F = Female. 1 Recommended Energy Intake (REI); 2 Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI); 3 Adequate Intake (AI); Reference intakes w/o superscripts = EAR.