. 2020 Feb 11;12(2):451. doi: 10.3390/nu12020451

Table 3.

The effect of walnut consumption on the difference (year 2 minus baseline) of each component of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Variables	Baseline	Year 2	Difference (year 2 Minus Baseline)		Group × Time Interaction P-value **
Variables	Adjusted Mean (95% CI)	Adjusted Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	P-value *	Group × Time Interaction P-value **
BMI
Control	27.5 (27.3, 27.7)	27.5 (27.3, 27.8)	0.03 (0.0, 0.06) ^a	0.025	0.696
Walnut	27.1 (26.9, 27.3)	27.2 (26.9, 27.4)	0.04 (0.01, 0.07) ^a	0.004	0.696
Systolic BP
Control	128.0 (126.4,129.7)	128.0 (126.3, 129.8)	0.01 (−1.7, 1.67) ^a	0.99	0.265
Walnut	126.9 (125.3, 128.5)	125.6 (123.9, 127.3)	−1.30 (−2.9, 0.31) ^a	0.114	0.265
Diastolic BP
Control	78.2 (77.3, 79.2)	78.2 (77.1, 79.2)	−0.08 (−1.07, 0.92) ^a	0.88	0.369
Walnut	77.8 (76.9, 78.8)	77.1 (76.1, 78.1)	−0.71 (−1.68, 0.26) ^a	0.15	0.369
HDL-C
Control	55.2 (53.8, 56.6)	52.4 (51.0, 53.8)	0.95 (0.93, 0.97) ^b	<0.0001	0.836
Walnut	52.8 (51.6, 54.1)	50.0 (48.8, 51.3)	0.95 (0.93, 0.96) ^b	<0.0001	0.836
Triglycerides
Control	93.2 (89.2, 97.3)	89.4 (85.3, 93.7)	0.96 (0.93, 0.99) ^b	0.02	0.484
Walnut	96.6 (92.6, 100.7)	91.1 (87.1, 95.3)	0.94 (0.91, 0.98) ^b	0.0007	0.484
FBG
Control	96.8 (95.5, 98.1)	95.7 (94.3, 97.2)	0.99 (0.98, 1.0) ^b	0.086	0.194
Walnut	97.7 (96.4, 99.0)	97.8 (96.4, 99.2)	1.0 (0.99, 1.0) ^b	0.923	0.194

Mixed linear models adjusted for center, age, gender, weight, and log-physical activity; smoking status and antihypertensive drug use were included in the systolic and diastolic BP models; hypolipidemic drug use were included in the HDL and triglycerides models; and antidiabetic drug use were included in the FBG model. BP; blood pressure, HDL-C; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG; fasting blood glucose. * P value < 0.05 for comparing within subject different (year 2-baseline). ** P value < 0.05 for comparing between subject different (walnut vs. control). ^a Mean difference (95% CI) ^b Mean ratio (95% CI).