Figure 4.

Withaferin A (WFA) in WS enhances the differentiation into beige adipocytes and increases OCR. (A) LC-MS/MS analysis of WSE. (B) Contents of WFA and withanolide A (WNA) in 100 g of WSE. (C) UCP1 expression in differentiated 3T3-L1 beige adipocytes. (D) Expression of brown adipocyte-specific mRNA in differentiated 3T3-L1 beige adipocytes. (E) WFA increases protein expressions of UCP1 and Dio2 in beige adipocytes (n = 3). (F) WFA increases the OCR in C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of WFA for 24 h. (G) Quantification of basal respiration, ATP production, maximal respiration, and spare capacity. Data represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Difference between groups was evaluated by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle group.