Table 1.
Maternal and neonatal general characteristics.
| Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics | Units | Mother’s Milk Group |
Control Group |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of birth | Vaginal (%) | 47.5 | 34.8 | 0.33 |
| Cesarean (%) | 52.5 | 65.2 | ||
| Prenatal corticosteroids | No (%) | 12.5 | 10.9 | 0.47 |
| Yes (%) | 89.1 | 87.5 | ||
| Prenatal antibiotics | No (%) | 20.5 | 15.2 | 0.49 |
| Yes (%) | 76.9 | 84.8 | ||
| Prenatal amniotic infection risk * | No (%) | 32.5 | 39.1 | 0.41 |
| Yes (%) | 67.5 | 60.9% | ||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 29.9 ± 0.4 | 29.5 ± 0.3 | 0.34 | |
| Sex | Male (%) | 60.0 | 56.5% | 0.91 |
| Female (%) | 40.0 | 43.5% | ||
| Apgar 1 | min | 6.4 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 0.3 | 0.65 |
| Apgar 5 | min | 8.1 ± 0.2 | 8.1 ± 0.2 | 0.83 |
| Weight | g | 1230.1 ± 48.2 | 1267.6 ± 52.4 | 0.60 |
| Height | cm | 38.6 ± 0.5 | 38.4 ± 0.7 | 0.69 |
| Head circumference | cm | 27.1 ± 0.4 | 27.0 ± 0.4 | 0.83 |
| Weight gaining first month | g | 612.9 ± 31.7 | 527.4 ± 49.2 | 0.06 |
| CRIB Score | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 0.17 | |
| Enteral Feeding | mL/kg/day | |||
| M2 | 39.1 ± 3.8 | 34.5 ± 4.4 | 0.53 | |
| M3 | 152.1 ± 9.9 | 162.2 ± 6.3 | 0.21 | |
| M4 | 160.8 ± 5.7 | 166.8 ± 8.3 | 0.84 | |
| Parenteral Feeding | (mL/kg/day) | |||
| M2 | 84.8 ± 5.6 | 82.4 ± 5.6 | 0.92 | |
| M3 | 19.3 ± 9.0 | 12.2 ± 4.2 | 0.15 | |
| M4 | 7.5 ± 5.2 | 6.3 ± 4.2 | 0.54 |
Values are means ± standard error of the mean. CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies); * Prenatal amniotic infection risk (Chorioamnionitis, maternal colonization of group streptococci (GBS), premature rupture of membranes, maternal fever in delivery). M2: 3rd day of postnatal life, M3: 15th day of postnatal life, M4: 30th day postnatal of life.