Table 2.
Differences between NKF and MCKD before and after treatment.
| NKF (e GFR ≥ 90) | MCKD (eGFR 60–89) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Baseline | End of Diet | p | Baseline | End of Diet | p | p * | ||||||||
| N | 54 | NA | 38 | NA | |||||||||||
| Female gender n (%) | 43 (80) | NA | 22 (68) | NA | 0.22 | ||||||||||
| HTN treatment n (%) | 20 (43.5) | NA | 19 (44.2) | NA | |||||||||||
| Diet length (weeks) | 15.33 | ± | 7.98 | NA | 15.33 | ± | 7.98 | NA | 0.645 | ||||||
| Age (years) | 47.96 | ± | 12.97 | NA | 55.97 | ± | 9.30 | NA | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Weight (Kg) | 94.21 | ± | 18.60 | 77.94 | ± | 15.67 | <0.0001 | 89.92 | ± | 17.84 | 75.28 | ± | 13.95 | <0.0001 | 0.510 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.46 | ± | 5.69 | 28.67 | ± | 5.04 | <0.0001 | 33.01 | ± | 6.01 | 27.56 | ± | 4.68 | <0.0001 | 0.334 |
| Fat Mass (Kg) | 37.51 | ± | 9.57 | 25.93 | ± | 9.45 | <0.0001 | 33.05 | ± | 9.96 | 22.31 | ± | 7.99 | <0.0001 | 0.742 |
| Fat Free Mass (Kg) | 56.69 | ± | 14.10 | 52.01 | ± | 11.10 | <0.0001 | 56.88 | ± | 12.55 | 52.97 | ± | 10.72 | <0.0001 | 0.521 |
| Skeletal Muscle Mass (Kg) | 37.08 | ± | 10.05 | 33.58 | ± | 8.14 | <0.0001 | 37.54 | ± | 9.00 | 34.40 | ± | 8.13 | <0.0001 | 0.542 |
| TBW (Lt) | 42.04 | ± | 10.00 | 38.60 | ± | 7.86 | <0.0001 | 42.98 | ± | 9.76 | 40.03 | ± | 8.47 | <0.0001 | 0.494 |
| ECW (Lt) | 19.53 | ± | 4.49 | 18.42 | ± | 4.04 | <0.0001 | 19.74 | ± | 4.50 | 18.78 | ± | 3.90 | <0.0001 | 0.238 |
| ICW (Lt) | 22.51 | ± | 5.91 | 20.37 | ± | 4.78 | <0.0001 | 23.20 | ± | 5.67 | 21.23 | ± | 5.19 | <0.0001 | 0.561 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.6 | ± | 14.5 | 130.9 | ± | 10.8 | <0.0001 | 137.6 | ± | 12.2 | 132.2 | ± | 9.2 | <0.0001 | 0.998 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.6 | ± | 7.2 | 77.3 | ± | 5.2 | <0.0001 | 81.4 | ± | 6.7 | 77.4 | ± | 4.6 | <0.0001 | 0.841 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.70 | ± | 0.11 | 0.71 | ± | 0.12 | 0.43 | 0.93 | ± | 0.16 | 0.88 | ± | 0.17 | 0.002 | 0.414 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 107.22 | ± | 11.20 | 105.28 | ± | 14.32 | 0.263 | 76.32 | ± | 10.44 | 82.21 | ± | 15.14 | 0.002 | 0.901 |
| BUN (g/L) | 0.34 | ± | 0.08 | 0.38 | ± | 0.07 | <0.0001 | 0.39 | ± | 0.11 | 0.41 | ± | 0.11 | 0.052 | 0.822 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 96.7 | ± | 14.5 | 91.73 | ± | 15.23 | 0.002 | 91.59 | ± | 11.0 | 86.60 | ± | 10.02 | 0.005 | 0.053 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.68 | ± | 0.96 | 5.30 | ± | 0.38 | <0.0001 | 5.60 | ± | 0.46 | 5.39 | ± | 0.40 | 0.007 | 0.470 |
| AST (mg/dL) | 28.33 | ± | 19.49 | 22.08 | ± | 6.71 | 0.218 | 20.44 | ± | 6.17 | 19.36 | ± | 5.26 | 0.732 | 0.724 |
| ALT (mg/dL) | 38.07 | ± | 31.45 | 26.23 | ± | 15.35 | 0.15 | 22.11 | ± | 9.85 | 20.42 | ± | 8.36 | 0.759 | 0.766 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 206.65 | ± | 48.24 | 182.61 | ± | 35.54 | <0.0001 | 207.27 | ± | 43.62 | 187.13 | ± | 49.28 | 0.148 | 0.279 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 122.74 | ± | 44.53 | 121.71 | ± | 30.31 | 0.233 | 117.04 | ± | 42.32 | 113.04 | ± | 46.14 | 0.958 | 0.309 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 53.59 | ± | 9.59 | 51.21 | ± | 8.61 | 0.491 | 58.67 | ± | 25.13 | 52.25 | ± | 14.27 | 0.199 | 0.550 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 172.37 | ± | 101.64 | 99.33 | ± | 30.48 | <0.0001 | 136.27 | ± | 73.48 | 106.94 | ± | 42.28 | 0.061 | 0.249 |
| Total Protein (g/dL) | 7.11 | ± | 0.41 | 7.11 | ± | 0.40 | 0.48 | 7.02 | ± | 0.34 | 7.00 | ± | 0.38 | 0.352 | 0.185 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.08 | ± | 0.26 | 4.17 | ± | 0.27 | <0.0001 | 4.21 | ± | 0.21 | 4.20 | ± | 0.30 | 0.968 | 0.226 |
| Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 5.06 | ± | 0.98 | 4.75 | ± | 1.21 | <0.0002 | 5.49 | ± | 1.10 | 4.96 | ± | 0.94 | 0.008 | 0.561 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.41 | ± | 0.46 | 9.56 | ± | 0.44 | <0.0003 | 9.42 | ± | 0.39 | 9.59 | ± | 0.44 | 0.002 | 0.401 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.46 | ± | 0.54 | 3.67 | ± | 0.49 | <0.0004 | 3.62 | ± | 0.45 | 3.75 | ± | 0.39 | 0.168 | 0.864 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140.60 | ± | 2.30 | 141.16 | ± | 2.02 | 0.113 | 141.89 | ± | 2.49 | 142.00 | ± | 2.06 | 0.865 | 0.883 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.48 | ± | 0.43 | 4.51 | ± | 0.42 | 0.345 | 4.59 | ± | 0.35 | 4.62 | ± | 0.36 | 0.505 | 0.920 |
| PTHi (ng/L) | 39.04 | ± | 11.89 | 36.66 | ± | 14.54 | 0.627 | 32.33 | ± | 8.16 | 29.67 | ± | 7.42 | 0.33 | 0.528 |
| Ferritin (ug/L) | 121.56 | ± | 146.19 | 90.44 | ± | 67.44 | 0.238 | 95.21 | ± | 74.22 | 116.14 | ± | 67.74 | 0.036 | 0.449 |
| Urinary protein (mg/dL) | 13.54 | ± | 10.74 | 11.34 | ± | 7.30 | 0.157 | 10.74 | ± | 7.16 | 10.56 | ± | 6.98 | 0.882 | 0.577 |
Data shown as means ± standard deviation (SD) of the mean. The p value is from a dependent sample t-test for the within group analysis. The p * value shown is from a general linear mixed model analysis of end of diet variables of the NF and MCKD groups for the between groups analysis. The variables of group, baseline values, age and gender were included in the model as fixed effects. For BP, HTN treatment was taken into account. NA, not applicable; NKF, Normal Kidney Function; MCKD, Mild Chronic Kidney Disease; HTN, hypertension; BMI, Body Mass Index; TBW, Total Body Water; ECW Extra Cellular Water; ICW Intra Cellular Water; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein. Significant p values are highlighted in bold.