Effect of GD on the short-term memory of offspring, showing the total and reentry errors during the training days. The young male and female offspring total errors (a, b) and reentry errors (c, d) respectively. The adult male and female offspring total errors (e, f) and reentry errors (g, h) respectively. C, control offspring; GD, gestational diabetes offspring. Control male offspring: young, n = 10; adult, n = 12. GD male offspring: young, n = 10; adult, n = 12. Control female offspring: young, n = 10; adult, n = 10. GD female offspring: young, n = 10; adult, n = 10. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA of repeated measures and one-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey’s test; * p < 0.05.