Table 2.
Baseline and outcome variables in all three intervention groups with severe obesity, Brazil, 2016 (n = 111).
| Olive Oil | DieTBra | Olive Oil + DieTBra | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||||
| Outcomes | Before (n = 34) | After (n = 28) | p * | Before (n = 38) | After (n = 32) | p * | Before (n = 39) | After (n = 37) | p * |
| BMD spine total (g/cm2) | 1.053 ± 0.136 | 1.092 ± 0.139 | 0.269 | 1.119 ± 0.166 | 1.145 ± 0.157 | 0.512 | 1.035 ± 0.179 | 1.044 ± 0.177 | 0.806 |
| BMD hip total (g/cm2) | 1.183 ± 0.139 | 1.214 ± 0.125 | 0.364 | 1.236 ± 0.119 | 1.244 ± 0.151 | 0.792 | 1.183 ± 0.162 | 1.164 ± 0.149 | 0.588 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 9.8 ± 0.5 | 0.007 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 9.6 ± 0.6 | 0.622 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 0.330 |
| Vit. D serum (ng/mL) | 30.8 ± 9.5 | 31.3 ± 9.8 | 0.823 | 29.2 ± 9.2 | 31.7 ± 9.7 | 0.255 | 31.5 ± 10.1 | 31.5 ± 9.9 | 0.998 |
| PTH (pg/ml) | 55.0 ± 20.7 | 45.9 ± 16.4 | 0.065 | 57.9 ± 35.9 | 44.6 ± 13.6 | 0.047 | 48.5 ± 16.5 | 47.5 ± 15.2 | 0.791 |
| Dietary calcium (mg/day) | 375.5 ± 213.0 | 362.4 ± 257.4 | 0.819 | 445.0 ± 210.9 | 341.1 ± 263.6 | 0.061 | 426.5 ± 241.5 | 358.0 ± 238.2 | 0.211 |
| Dietary vitamin D (µcg/day) | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 0.710 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 3.6 | 0.214 | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 0.773 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1674.8 ± 610.8 | 1529.9 ± 885.0 | 0.434 | 1678.1 ± 568.2 | 1104.1 ± 609.7 | 0.000 | 1701.1 ± 1021.1 | 1397.3 ± 567.0 | 0.108 |
| Protein intake (%TEV) | 18.1 ± 4.3 | 13.2 ± 7.1 | 0.001 | 17.3 ± 5.1 | 15.9 ± 8.6 | 0.374 | 18.7 ± 4.7 | 14.9 ± 7.2 | 0.007 |
BMD (bone mineral density), Vit. D (vitamin D), PTH (parathyroid hormone), SD (standard deviation), olive oil (extra virgin olive oil group), DieTBra (traditional Brazilian diet group), olive oil + DieTBra (extra virgin olive oil group + traditional Brazilian diet), TEV (total energy value). * Student’s t test unpaired. Bold (value p < 0.05).