. 2020 Feb 13;12(2):465. doi: 10.3390/nu12020465

Table 3.

Associations between maternal fast food pattern and processed food pattern scores during pregnancy and children’s growth trajectories and overweight/obesity risk at age 4.

Childhood Outcome	Fast Food Pattern			Processed Food Pattern
Childhood Outcome	OR (95% CI) ^a	p Value	p_int Value ^b	OR (95% CI) ^a	p Value	p_int Value^b
Model 1 ^c
Low vs. moderate BMI trajectory	1.04 (0.91–1.19)	0.58	0.06	0.91 (0.78–1.06)	0.21	0.82
Rising-high vs. moderate BMI trajectory	1.31 (1.08–1.58)	0.006	0.85	1.04 (0.85–1.28)	0.68	0.98
Overweight vs. normal weight	1.27 (1.04–1.55)	0.02	0.37	1.08 (0.88–1.33)	0.47	0.76
Obesity vs. normal weight	1.24 (1.03–1.50)	0.03	0.53	1.12 (0.93–1.36)	0.23	0.61
Overweight/obesity vs. normal weight	1.25 (1.08–1.46)	0.004	0.89	1.10 (0.94–1.28)	0.23	0.90
Model 2 ^d
Low vs. moderate BMI trajectory	1.02 (0.88–1.19)	0.79	0.09	1.05 (0.88–1.26)	0.58	0.70
Rising-high vs. moderate BMI trajectory	1.32 (1.07–1.62)	0.008	0.70	0.99 (0.80–1.23)	0.91	0.89
Overweight vs. normal weight	1.31 (1.06–1.61)	0.01	0.23	1.01 (0.81–1.26)	0.92	0.75
Obesity vs. normal weight	1.30 (1.06–1.61)	0.01	0.82	1.08 (0.88–1.33)	0.47	0.48
Overweight/obesity vs. normal weight	1.31 (1.11–1.54)	0.001	0.52	1.04 (0.88–1.24)	0.61	0.80

BMI, body mass index; SE, standard error. ^a Associated with a unit increase in the dietary pattern score. ^b P value for the interaction between the dietary pattern score and maternal race. ^c Adjusted for maternal age, race, education, insurance type, marital status, total energy intake, alcohol intake and smoking during pregnancy, parity, and child sex. ^d Further adjusted for gestational diabetes, gestational age at birth, birthweight, breastfed status, and childhood energy intake trajectory in addition to the covariables included in Model 1.