Table 2.
Comparison of measures within groups and between groups.
| Variables | Experimental Group (n = 25) | Control Group (n = 24) | Significance of Change Scores | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post | Change Score | Baseline | Post | Change Score | t | |
| Static balance ability | |||||||
| EO-MLS (mm/s) | 4.04 ± 1.36 | 2.95 ± 0.69 | −1.08 ± 1.01 * | 3.68 ± 1.16 | 3.19 ± 0.88 | −0.49 ± 0.83 * | 2.225 † |
| EO-APS (mm/s) | 5.97 ± 1.55 | 4.74 ± 1.52 | −1.23 ± 0.75 * | 5.81 ± 1.14 | 5.10 ± 1.25 | −0.71 ± 0.63 * | 2.614 † |
| EO-VM (mm/s2) | 4.32 ± 1.47 | 2.84 ± 1.47 | −1.47 ± 0.73 * | 3.96 ± 1.08 | 3.18 ± 1.24 | −0.78 ± 1.02 * | 2.737 † |
| EC-MLS (mm/s) | 4.35 ± 1.45 | 3.21 ± 0.96 | −1.13 ± 0.79 * | 4.39 ± 1.17 | 3.87 ± 1.38 | −0.52 ± 0.70 * | 2.870 † |
| EC-APS (mm/s) | 6.05 ± 1.55 | 5.12 ± 1.50 | −0.93 ± 0.75 * | 5.61 ± 1.14 | 5.14 ± 1.04 | −0.47 ± 0.63 * | 2.700 † |
| EC-VM (mm/s2) | 5.12 ± 2.08 | 3.69 ± 1.58 | −1.43 ± 0.98 * | 4.63 ± 2.02 | 4.06 ± 1.97 | −0.57 ± 1.03 * | 2.989 † |
| Dynamic balance ability | |||||||
| TUG (sec) | 31.56 ± 7.12 | 29.41 ± 6.25 | −2.15 ± 2.39 * | 29.53 ±3.89 | 28.68 ±4.14 | −0.85 ± 1.70 * | 2.193 † |
| BBS (point) | 44.48 ± 3.44 | 45.88 ± 4.10 | 1.40 ± 1.53 * | 43.38 ± 3.52 | 43.83 ± 3.40 | 0.46 ± 0.93 * | 2.592 † |
| FRT (mm) | 189.99 ± 54.35 | 222.24 ± 57.13 | 32.24 ± 24.56 * | 192.32 ± 73.28 | 203.49 ± 78.48 | 11.17 ± 17.39 * | 3.454 † |
| Leg muscle activation | |||||||
| Tibialis anterior affected (µV) | 5.59 ± 3.69 | 10.79 ± 3.99 | 5.20 ± 1.30 * | 6.93 ± 2.17 | 7.72 ± 2.60 | 0.80 ± 1.80 | 9.693 † |
| Tibialis anterior unaffected (µV) | 33.77 ± 15.20 | 32.64 ± 14.67 | −1.13 ± 3.67 | 31.16 ± 16.91 | 32.09 ± 15.76 | 0.93 ± 3.07 | 2.121 † |
| Gastrocnemius affected (µV) | 11.99 ± 8.29 | 19.11 ± 8.35 | 7.12 ± 1.32 * | 11.92 ± 5.81 | 9.98 ± 5.19 | −1.94 ± 8.21 | 5.446 † |
| Gastrocnemius unaffected (µV) | 59.46 ± 40.63 | 58.75 ± 40.62 | −0.71 ± 2.19 | 64.78 ± 28.06 | 64.91 ± 27.95 | 0.13 ± 1.31 | 1.623 † |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. * Significant difference within group. † Significant difference between group. EO, eye opened; EC, eye closed; MLS, medial–lateral speed; APS, anterior–posterior speed; VM, velocity moment; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; BBS, Berg Balance Scale; FRT, Functional Reach Test.