Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical data in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory with Caregiver Distress scale (NPI-D) completers.
| Baseline | 18 Months | 36 Months | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD n = 162 | Control n = 54 | T/z/χ2 | p-value | PD n = 144 | Control n = 57 | T/z/χ2 | p-value | PD n = 115 | Control n = 42 | T/z/χ2 | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 66.2 (10.1) | 67.5 (7.5) | −1.0 | 0.335 † | 68.3 (9.4) | 68.6 (7.9) | −0.2 | 0.830 † | 69.3 (9.5) | 70.6 (6.4) | −1.0 | 0.313 † |
| Sex (Male) n (%) | 104 (64.2) | 30 (55.6) | 1.3 | 0.257 * | 97 (67.4) | 30 (52.6) | 3.8 | 0.051 * | 79 (68.7) | 23 (54.8) | 2.6 | 0.105 * |
| Education (years) | 12.5 (3.5) | 13.0 (3.3) | −1.1 | 0.261 | 12.8 (3.5) | 13.1 (3.2) | −0.9 | 0.373 | 12.7 (3.3) | 12.8 (3.2) | −0.3 | 0.801 |
| Disease duration (months) | 6.1 (5.4) | - | - | - | 24.1 (23.4) | - | - | - | 42.1 (41.4) | - | - | - |
| GDS-15 | 3.1 (2.7) | 1.0 (1.6) | −6.0 | <0.001 | 2.9 (2.7) | 1.2 (2.0) | −5.2 | <0.001 | 3.1 (2.6) | 1.2 (2.0) | −5.0 | <0.001 |
| MoCA a | 25.3 (3.4) | 27.2 (2.2) | −3.6 | <0.001 | 26.1 (3.7) | 27.6 (2.7) | −2.9 | 0.004 | 25.6 (3.7) | 27.4 (3.0) | −3.0 | 0.002 |
| NPI total score | 6.7 (9.8) | 1.9 (4.3) | −4.5 | <0.001 | 6.4 (9.5) | 1.3 (3.3) | −5.4 | <0.001 | 7.2 (9.8) | 3.3 (8.3) | −4.3 | <0.001 |
| NPI-Caregiver distress score | 3.3 (4.8) | 0.9 (2.2) | −4.4 | <0.001 | 2.7 (4.0) | 0.6 (1.9) | −4.7 | <0.001 | 3.8 (5.3) | 1.5 (4.0) | −4.0 | <0.001 |
| PDQ-39 | 19.0 (14.3) | - | - | - | 21.1 (16.3) | - | - | - | 22.3 (17.2) | - | - | - |
| MDS-UPDRS-II | 10.2 (5.9) | - | - | - | 11.8 (6.0) | - | - | - | 14.5 (7.6) | - | - | - |
| MDS-UPDRS-III | 27.7 (12.3) | - | - | - | 33.3 (12.1) | - | - | - | 35.2 (15.0) | - | - | - |
| Hoehn and Yahr | 1.9 (0.7) | - | - | - | 2.2 (0.5) | - | - | - | 2.1 (0.6) | - | - | - |
| LEDD (mg/day) | 190.4 (159.9) | - | - | - | 413.8 (214.3) | - | - | - | 518.2 (273.5) | - | - | - |
| PDD n (%) | 0 (0) | - | - | - | 8 (5.6) | - | - | - | 14 (12.2) | - | - | - |
All data presented are means (standard deviations) except where indicated. All data are non-parametric and test statistics are z-scores using Mann–Whitney U-test except where indicated. † = independent t-test, * = chi-squared. Significant values indicated in bold. Abbreviations: GDS-15 = Geriatric Depression Scale-15, MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NPI-D = Neuropsychiatric Inventory with Carer Distress Scale, PDQ-39 = Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire, MDS-UPDRS = Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, LEDD = levodopa equivalent daily dose, PDD = PD dementia. a At baseline, n = 23 did not complete MoCA.