Table 1.
Demographics of pediatric trauma patients admitted to Malawian Hospital by Development of AKI
| Total | AKI | No AKI | Missing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 114 | 11 (9.7) | 103 (90.4) | ||
| Age (years) (mean, STD) | 8.1 (5.1) | 7.0 (6.0) | 8.2 (5.0) | 0 |
| Gender (female) | 42 (37.2) | 4 (36.4) | 38 (37.3) | 1 |
| Tribe | 2 | |||
| Chewa | 74 (66.1) | 8 (72.7) | 66 (65.4) | |
| Other | 38 (33.9) | 3 (27.3) | 35 (34.7) | |
| District of Injury Location | 1 | |||
| Lilongwe | 75 (66.4) | 8 (72.7) | 67 (65.7) | |
| Other District | 38 (33.6) | 3 (27.3) | 35 (34.7) | |
| Mortality | 10 (9.0) | 4 (36.4) | 6 (6.0) | 7a |
| Length of Stayb(days) (median, IQR) | 12 (7, 26) | 19.5 (9, 35) | 12 (7, 25) | 7a |
| Time of Presentation to Hospital | ||||
| Injury occurred < 24 h prior to admission | 84 (74.3) | 9 (81.8) | 75 (73.5) | 1 |
| Day of the week (weekend, Saturday-Sunday) | 12 (10.5) | 2 (18.2) | 10 (9.7) | 0 |
| Time of Day (daytime, 08:00–16:00) | 42 (37.5) | 6 (54.6) | 36 (35.6) | 2 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Anemia | 72 (63.2) | 7 (63.6) | 65 (63.1) | 0 |
| Malaria | 18 (16.2) | 1 (9.1) | 17 (17.0) | 3 |
| Sickle Cell Disease | 4 | |||
| Sickle Cell Disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Sickle Cell Trait | 5 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (5.1) | |
| Normal Hemoglobin | 105 (95.5) | 11 (100) | 94 (95.0) | |
| Malnutritionc(median, IQR) | ||||
| Weight-for-age Z-scored | −0.3 (−1.4, 0.3) | −1.7 (−1.7, −1.7) | −0.2 (−1.3, 0.5) | 85 |
| Height-for-age Z-score | − 0.9 (− 1.9, 0.3) | − 0.8 (−2.2, 0.2) | −0.9 (− 1.9, 0.3) | 7 |
| Weight-for-length Z-score | −0.3 (− 1.2, 0.4) | − 0.6 (− 2.1,1.0) | −0.3 (− 1.2, 0.4) | 69 |
|
Past Medical History (self-report) |
0 | |||
| Prematurity | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.1) | 7 |
| Seizures | 5 (4.4) | 1 (9.1) | 4 (3.9) | 0 |
| Asthma | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 0 |
| None | 108 (94.7) | 10 (90.9) | 98 (95.1) | 0 |
All expressed as N and column percent except where specified
KDIGO criteria used to define AKI and new Schwartz equation estimated baseline creatinine
AKI Acute kidney injury, IQR interquartile range, STD standard deviation
a4 patients absconded, 3 patients missing files
bDetermined only for patients discharged alive
cZ-scores obtained using WHO AnthroPlus software, 2007 WHO reference data
dWeight-for-age Z scores are only provided for children up to age 10 years, WHO does not provide referent values after 10 years of age