Table 2.
Frailty and physical function characteristics of study participants: results are expressed as percentages for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous data
| Variables | All patients (69) |
Fallers (26) |
Non-fallers (43) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty components and phenotype | ||||
| Low PA (%) | 47.8 | 46.2 | 48.8 | 0.829 |
| Low gait speed (%) | 29 | 42.3 | 20.9 | 0.058 |
| Low strength (%) | 47.8 | 46.2 | 48.8 | 0.829 |
| Exhaustion (%) | 73.5 | 92.3 | 61.9 | 0.006 |
| Unintentional weight loss (%) | 17.6 | 28 | 11.6 | 0.108 |
| Fried’s frailty phenotype (%) | 37.7 | 50 | 30.2 | 0.101 |
| Objectively measured PA | ||||
| Time spent standing (h) | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 0.177 |
| Daily steps (n°) | 3086 ± 1810 | 2601 ± 1325 | 3366 ± 2004 | 0.144 |
| Daily sit to stands (n°) | 37.5 ± 12.6 | 38.3 ± 16.1 | 37.1 ± 10.3 | 0.894 |
| Strength | ||||
| Handgrip (kg) | 26.9 ± 9.5 | 24.5 ± 10 | 28.4 ± 9 | 0.101 |
| Leg extension (kg) | 20.1 ± 9 | 17.4 ± 8.3 | 21.8 ± 9.1 | 0.050 |
| Functional tests | ||||
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.85 ± 0.26 | 0.78 ± 0.26 | 0.9 ± 0.25 | 0.067 |
| TUG (s) | 11.5 ± 4.8 | 13.3 ± 6.4 | 10.4 ± 3.4 | 0.055 |
| CSTS-5 (s) | 17.1 ± 8.9 | 19.6 ± 12.3 | 15.7 ± 6.3 | 0.355 |
Abbreviations: PA physical activity, TUG timed up and go test, CSTS-5 5 repetitions chair sit to stand test