Effects of photoperiod and temperature on nymphal development in the cricket Modicogryllus siamensis under long-day (LD, 16L:8D) or short-day conditions (SD, 12L:12D) at 25 °C and 30 °C. (A and B) Adult emergence patterns after hatching from eggs (A) and proportions of molt numbers before adult emergence (B). The number of animals used was 84, 46, 92, and 29 for LD 30 °C, LD 25 °C, SD 30 °C, and SD 25 °C, respectively. Numbers in different color fractions in B indicate the number of molts. (C) Adult body weight (mean ± SEM) measured at 1 d after adult emergence. Values with different letters significantly differ from each other (Tukey test, P < 0.05). Numbers in parenthesis indicate the number of animals used. (D) Photographs of LD and SD adult crickets raised at 30 °C. (Scale bar, 1 cm.)