1. Univariate and multivariate analyses showing association between preoperative clinical parameters and 1-year disease-specific survival.

Variables	Univariate analysis				Multivariate analysis
	HR	95% CI	P		HR	95% CI	P
BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist; NA, not available; CA, carbohydrate antigen; neo-Tx, neoadjuvant treatment; Resectability 1, resectable; Resectability 2, borderline resectable; Resectability 3, locally advanced; PD, pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD, pylorus-preserving PD; TP, total pancreatectomy; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Age (year)	1.058	1.101−1.108	0.0165		1.062	1.008−1.118	0.0241
Sex, male	0.858	0.398−1.848	0.6947
BMI (kg/m2)	0.861	0.740−1.002	0.0538
Symptom, yes	1.954	0.826−4.625	0.1273		2.019	0.692−5.891	0.1986
Weight loss, yes	1.206	0.487−2.989	0.6855
Jaundice, yes	0.598	0.268−1.331	0.2076
Abdominal pain, yes	1.921	0.903−4.087	0.0903
Dyspepsia, yes	1.414	0.571−3.504	0.4541
ASA score
2 vs. 1	0.987	0.406−2.398	0.9761
3 vs.1	0.703	0.182−2.721	0.6103
4 vs. 1	NA	NA	NA
CA19-9 (initial diagnosis)	1	1.000−1.000	0.2564
CA19-9 (after neo-Tx)	1.001	1.000−1.001	0.0023
CA19-9 (after neo-Tx) (≥34) (U/mL)	2.302	0.966−5.489	0.0612		2.863	1.123−7.300	0.0276
Tumor size on imaging (cm)	1.450	1.005−2.093	0.0469		1.243	0.800−1.931	0.3336
Smoking, yes	1.060	0.485−2.314	0.8841
Tumor location	1.679	0.754−3.739	0.2044
Initial resectability
2 vs. 1	0.423	0.173−1.038	0.0605
3 vs. 1	0.711	0.258−1.957	0.5092
Predicted surgery
PD/PPPD	reference
DPS	1.751	0.780−3.928	0.1745		1.922	0.697−5.285	0.2068
TP	3.726	0.493−28.134	0.2022		1.522	0.179−12.904	0.7003