Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of electronic cigarette use with sample variables, NHANES 2015-2016, n = 2889.

	Current electronic cigarette use		Former electronic cigarette use		Never electronic cigarette use		P value
	Number	Weighted percentage	Number	Weighted percentage	Number	Weighted percentage
Electronic cigarette use	191	7.1	457	17.9	2241	75.0
Cigarette use							<0.0001
Current use	116	64.9	254	55.6	256	9.5
Former use	36	20.4	94	23.2	350	18.5
Never use	39	14.7	109	21.2	1635	72.0
Sex							0.0084
Female	76	39.4	218	51.1	1202	51.7
Male	115	60.6	239	48.9	1039	48.3
Age in years							<0.0001
18-25	60	28.3	128	27.0	375	14.8
26-44	80	42.9	186	40.4	874	39.5
45-65	51	28.9	143	32.6	992	45.7
Race/ethnicity							0.0604
Non-Hispanic white	77	63.1	186	66.1	569	58.1
Non-Hispanic black	38	9.6	105	12.1	526	13.2
Mexican American	52	15.4	106	13.0	746	18.4
Other	24	11.9	60	8.7	400	10.3
Education							<0.0001
High school/less	113	57.4	223	40.2	1047	35.1
More than high school	78	42.6	234	59.8	1194	64.9
Federal poverty level							0.0002
≤200%	114	53.2	270	48.1	1141	36.4
>200%	77	46.8	187	51.9	1100	63.6
Health insurance							<0.0001
Yes	137	76.3	332	76.8	1764	84.6
No	54	23.7	125	23.2	477	15.4
Body mass index							0.7431
Under/normal	69	36.7	187	41.8	849	39.9
Over/obese	121	63.3	267	58.2	1319	60.1
Alcohol use							<0.0001
No	24	8.8	55	9.7	769	27.1
Moderate	58	30.3	146	31.9	666	38.2
Heavy	80	46.3	191	44.6	449	21.3
Missing	29	14.6	65	13.8	357	13.5
Chronic disease1							0.0053
Yes	76	42.0	164	35.1	679	28.2
No	115	58.0	293	64.9	1562	71.8
Sleepiness							<0.0001
0-1/month	46	20.6	133	30.0	1018	41.2
2-4/month	65	31.9	159	35.2	706	34.2
≥5/month	80	47.6	165	34.8	517	24.6
Snoring							0.4828
0-2/week	105	59.5	220	52.1	1202	59.7
3-4/week	29	15.2	79	18.4	375	16.0
5 or more times/week	48	25.3	128	29.5	540	24.3
Snorting							0.0034
0-2/week	151	84.2	372	85.3	1916	90.5
3-4/week	18	11.0	24	5.7	117	5.0
5 or more times/week	13	4.8	39	9.0	90	4.5
Sleep duration for specific age2							<0.0001
Not recommended	41	19.9	67	9.9	276	9.4
May be appropriate	150	80.1	390	90.1	1965	90.6

Abbreviations: wt%: weighted column percent; HS: high school. P values indicate Rao-Scott chi-square test Pr>ChiSq for current/former/never electronic cigarette use. ¹Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. ²Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times).