Table 4.
Logistic regression of electronic cigarette use on not recommended sleep duration for specific age1, NHANES 2015-2016, n = 2889.
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | |
| Electronic cigarette use | |||||||||
| Current use | 2.41 | 1.66, 3.50 | 0.0010 | 2.41 | 1.52, 3.82 | 0.0042 | 1.82 | 1.18, 2.79 | 0.0075 |
| Former use | 1.06 | 0.73, 1.53 | 0.0861 | 1.09 | 0.76, 1.57 | 0.1291 | 0.85 | 0.59, 1.24 | 0.513 |
| Never use | 1.00∗ | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 1.11 | 0.93, 1.34 | 0.2387 | 1.13 | 0.91, 1.40 | 0.2750 | |||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| NHB | 2.69 | 1.93, 3.74 | <0.0001 | 2.67 | 2.01, 3.57 | <0.0001 | |||
| Mexican American | 1.19 | 0.75, 1.88 | 0.2862 | 1.23 | 0.83, 1.82 | 0.3074 | |||
| Other | 1.16 | 0.73, 1.84 | 0.2687 | 1.21 | 0.80, 1.85 | 0.3480 | |||
| NHW | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Age in years | |||||||||
| 26-44 | 2.24 | 1.36, 3.69 | 0.0687 | 2.08 | 1.36, 3.20 | 0.0102 | |||
| 45-65 | 2.82 | 1.81, 4.42 | <0.0001 | 2.20 | 1.43, 3.37 | 0.0014 | |||
| 18-25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Education | |||||||||
| High school or less | 1.93 | 1.39, 2.68 | 0.0007 | 1.72 | 1.29, 2.30 | 0.0003 | |||
| More than high school | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Insurance | |||||||||
| No | 0.83 | 0.59, 1.18 | 0.2814 | 0.83 | 0.61, 1.11 | 0.2004 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Federal poverty level | |||||||||
| ≤200% | 2.19 | 1.39, 3.43 | 0.0021 | 1.94 | 1.25, 3.02 | 0.0032 | |||
| >200% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Yes | 1.67 | 1.27, 2.19 | 0.0002 | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Alcohol use | |||||||||
| Heavy use | 1.68 | 1.14, 2.46 | 0.1564 | ||||||
| No | 1.68 | 1.09, 2.60 | 0.2090 | ||||||
| Moderate | 1.00 | ||||||||
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; NHB: non-Hispanic black; NHW: non-Hispanic white. ∗Reference groups are identified as having an odds ratio of 1.00. 1Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times). 2Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. Model 1 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, and federal poverty level. Model 2 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, federal poverty level, smoking status, chronic disease status, and alcohol use. A missing indicator was created for alcohol use (result not presented for missing category).