Table 5.
Logistic regression of dual use 1 on not recommended sleep duration for specific age2, NHANES 2015-2016, n = 2889.
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | |
| Dual use | |||||||||
| Current use | 2.95 | 1.90, 4.58 | 0.0006 | 2.80 | 1.68, 4.67 | 0.0041 | 2.62 | 1.65, 4.16 | 0.0010 |
| Former use | 0.70 | 0.29, 1.69 | 0.0525 | 0.86 | 0.37, 2.02 | 0.1415 | 0.86 | 0.37, 1.97 | 0.1492 |
| Never use | 1.00∗ | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 1.12 | 0.93, 1.36 | 0.2229 | 1.14 | 0.92, 1.41 | 0.2279 | |||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| NHB | 2.68 | 1.91, 3.76 | <0.0001 | 2.71 | 2.02, 3.63 | <0.0001 | |||
| Mexican American | 1.18 | 0.74, 1.88 | 0.2881 | 1.20 | 0.80, 1.82 | 0.2610 | |||
| Other | 1.15 | 0.71, 1.86 | 0.2687 | 1.20 | 0.77, 1.87 | 0.3334 | |||
| NHW | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Age in years | |||||||||
| 26-44 | 2.16 | 1.32, 3.54 | 0.0698 | 2.10 | 1.36, 3.24 | 0.0090 | |||
| 45-65 | 2.66 | 1.72, 4.11 | <0.0001 | 2.19 | 1.42, 3.38 | 0.0016 | |||
| 18-25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Education | |||||||||
| High school or less | 1.94 | 1.40, 2.70 | 0.0007 | 1.78 | 1.32, 2.40 | 0.0002 | |||
| More than high school | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Insurance | |||||||||
| No | 0.84 | 0.58, 1.20 | 0.3038 | 0.84 | 0.61, 1.15 | 0.2805 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Federal poverty level | |||||||||
| ≤200% | 2.18 | 1.38, 3.44 | 0.0024 | 2.00 | 1.31, 3.06 | 0.0013 | |||
| >200% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Chronic disease3 | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.73 | 1.32, 2.26 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Alcohol use | |||||||||
| Heavy use | 1.76 | 1.19, 2.59 | 0.0803 | ||||||
| No | 1.63 | 1.07, 2.49 | 0.2596 | ||||||
| Moderate | 1.00 | ||||||||
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; NHB: non-Hispanic black; NHW: non-Hispanic white. ∗Reference groups are identified as having an odds ratio of 1.00. 1Dual use categories: current dual use = use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes over the previous 30 days; never dual use = any smoking category (current, former, never) and never electronic cigarette use or any electronic cigarette use category (current, former, never) and never cigarette use; former dual = having smoked >100 lifetime cigarettes but not having used cigarettes over the past 30 days and having used electronic cigarettes but not having used them over the past 30 days. 2Based upon National Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-releasenational-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times). 3Chronic disease = positive response to having arthritis, cardiovascular disease, depression, emphysema, or diabetes. Model 1 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, and federal poverty level. Model 2 is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, federal poverty level, chronic disease status, and alcohol use. A missing indicator was created for alcohol use (result not presented for missing category).