Table 2.
Molecular changes in animal model of osteoarthritis.
| Authors (year) | Animal model | Osteoarthritis intervention | Samples | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schmidli et al. (2018) [18] | Dogs (n = 59): diseased group (n = 36) and control group (n = 23) | Diseased dogs with canine cruciate ligament disease used | Infrapatellar fat pad Subcutaneous adipose tissue Synovial fluid |
↑ IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and TNF-α ↑ T cells, macrophages |
| Xu et al. (2015) [26] | Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 20), aged 40–50 days: normal group (n = 10) and 8-week group (n = 10) | Meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI) modeling in knee joint | Articular cartilage | ↑ Sam68 expression |
| Jiang et al. (2017) [28] | C57BL/6 mice (n = 20) | ACLT | Knee joints | ↑ BRD4, HMGB1, and p-p65 |
| Qu et al. (2018) [30] | Male C57BL/6 mice | Surgically induced destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) | Knee joints | ↑ MMP-13, TNF-α, iNOS, ADAMTS-5, IL-6, COX-2, NF-κB2, and p-IκBα |
| Xia et al. (2016) [31] | SD rats | MIA injection (0.5 mg) for 4 weeks | Blood | ↑ miR-381a-3p, TNFα, COX-2, iNOS,IL-6, IL-8, and p-p65 ↓ IκBα |
| Ding et al. (2019) [32] | Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 36) | Medial meniscal tear surgery | Articular cartilages of medial tibial plateau Synovial fluid |
↓ miR-93 ↑ TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4, p-p65, and p-IκBα |
| Hu et al. (2016) [33] | Male Wistar rats (MIA group, n = 30; control, n = 15) | Intra-articular MIA injection (5 mg/kg) | Blood | ↑ P2X7R, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-13, SP (substance P), and PGE2 ↑ IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα, p65, and all of their phosphorylated forms |
| Li et al. (2018) [34] | Female SD rats (n = 36) | Intra-articular MIA injection (0.2 mg/rat) for 10 days | Synovial fibroblasts Blood |
↑ TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17a, IL-8, MMP-3, MMP-9, VEGF, ADAMTS-4, p-PI3K, and p-AKT |
| Raghu et al. (2017) [63] | C57BL/6J mice | Destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) | Knee joints | ↑ CCL2, CCR2, MMP-13, MMP-6, and ADAMTS-4 |
| Adler et al. (2017) [72] | Mixed-breed dogs (n = 4) | TGF-1β (1 or 10 ng/ml) with or without IL-1β (10 ng/ml) | Stifle joints' cartilage | ↑ MMP-3, iNOS, NO, COX-2, and PGE ↓ TIMP-2 |
| Terauchi et al. (2016) [95] | Male STR/OrtCrlj mice (n = 24) | Articular cartilage with subchondral bone | ↑ Runx2 expression | |
| Blaney Davidson et al. (2015) [97] | Cow | TGF-β1 (1 and 10 ng/ml), IL-1β (1 or 10 ng/ml) | Metacarpal joint's cartilage | ↑ NGF |
| Alquraini et al. (2017) [110] | Male Prg4+/+ and Prg4-/- mice | rhPRG4 (100 μg/ml), CD44 Ab (1.25 μg/ml), or combination of rhPRG4 and CD44 Ab for 48 hours | Synovial tissues | ↑ NF-κB p50 and p65 in Prg4-/- compared to Prg4+/+ |