Skip to main content
. 2020 Feb 11;9(2):414. doi: 10.3390/cells9020414

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Acute effects of CLZ on astroglial releases of L-glutamate (A) and D-serine (B) from astrocytes subchronically administrated with therapeutic-relevant concentration of VPA (1000 μM). Astrocytes were incubated in fDMEM without (control: opened circles) or with VPA (1000 μM: closed circles). After wash-out, astrocytes were incubated in ACSF containing the same concentration of VPA with CLZ (0, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μM) for 60 min (pretreatment incubation). After pretreatment incubation, to determine the K+-evoked astroglial releases of L-glutamate and D-serine, astrocytes were incubated in MK-ACSF (50.0 mM K+: black circles) or HK-ACSF (100.0 mM K+: blue circles) containing the same concentration of CLZ and VPA during pretreatment incubation for 20 min, and then incubate medium (MK-ACSF or HK-ACSF) was collected for analysis. Ordinate: mean ± SD (n = 6) of extracellular levels of l-glutamate and d-serine (μM). Abscissa: concentration of CLZ (μM). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. CLZ free, and @@ p < 0.01 vs. VPA free (control) by MANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.