Figure 5.

Western blot analysis and quantification of expression levels of apoptosis-regulating proteins in Monomac-1 cells treated with MMLE for 24 h. Significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Bax, and cytochrome-c and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 were observed upon treatment of Monomac-1 cells with 180 μg/mL and 270 μg/mL. Significance relative to the control was reported with * indicating a p-value: 0.01 < p < 0.05, ** indicating a p-value: 0.001 < p < 0.01, and *** indicating a p-value: 0.0001 < p < 0.001. Detailed information of western blot can be found at Figure S1.