Figure 8.

Coordinated view of Tspan8-TEX-initiated non-transformed cell remodeling. Tspan8-TEX maintain the tetraspanin-associated protein clusters, which facilitate receptor ligand binding that promotes receptor and downstream signaling cascade activation. Alternatively, receptor clustering and activation induces internalization with rarely observed for tetraspanin, subsequent exosome digestion in lysosomes and reutilization of the released breakdown product. Persistence of Tspan8-TEX promoted target cell modulation relies predominantly on activated transcription factor activity modulating the RNA profile. TEX activity is strongly supported by lncRNA that affects chromosomes/DNA accessibility and by forward-backward shuttling between nucleus, ribosomes, and cytoplasm creates circles maintaining remodeling.