Table 1.

Studies on tissue miRNA expression profiling in ACC and ACA.

Discovery Method	Discovery Cohort (n)	Validation Method	Validation Cohort (n)	Sample Type	Expression in ACC vs. ACA	Reference
Microarray	22 ACC, 27 ACA, 6 NA	RT-qPCR-	9(5) ACA, 10(6) ACC	Snap frozen	↓ miR-195, miR-335	[48]
Microarray	4 ACC, 8 ACA, 4 NA	RT-qPCR	7(3) ACC, 19(11) ACA, 10(6) NA	Snap frozen	↓ miR-214, miR-511, miR-375; ↑ miR-503, miR-184, miR-210	[39]
Microarray	7 ACC, 9 APA, 4 NA	RT-qPCR	15 AT	FFPE	↓ miR-139-3p, miR-335, miR-675	[41]
Microarray	10 ACC, 26 ACA	RT-qPCR	29 ACC, 35 ACA	Snap frozen	↓ miR-195, miR-125b, miR-100; ↑ miR-483-5p	[21]
Microarray	22 ACC, 26 ACA, 4 NA	RT-qPCR	25(3) ACC, 43(17) ACA, 10(6) NA	Snap frozen	↓ miR-1974, miR-195, miR-497; ↑ miR-483-3p, miR-483-5p, miR-210, miR-21	[22]
Microarray	6 ACC, 6 ACA, 6 NA	RT-qPCR	18 ACC, 10 ACA, 3 NA	Snap frozen	↓ miR-335, miR-195; ↑ miR-139-5p, miR-376a, miR-376b, miR-376c, miR-483-5p	[24]
NGS	45 ACC, 3 NA			Snap frozen	↓ miR-195, miR-335; ↑ miR-483-3p, miR-483-5p, miR-210, miR-503	[25]
qRT-PCR	51 ACC, 47 ACA			FFPE	↓ miR-195; ↑ miR-483-3p, miR-483-5p, miR-210	[23]
Microarray	8 ACC, 25 ACA	RT-qPCR	11 ACC, 4 ACA,	FFPE	↓ miR-335, miR-195, miR-497; ↑ miR-503	[47]
Microarray	10 ACC, 26 ACA, 21 NA			Snap frozen	↑ miR-9, miR-25, miR-124, miR-183, miR-185, miR-206	[49]
NGS	7 ACC, 7 ACA, 8 NA	RT-qPCR	8 ACC, 8 ACA, 9 NA	FFPE	↑ miR-503, miR-483-5p, miR-450a, miR-210, miR-483-5p, miR-421	[50]
NGS	10 ACC, 10 ACA, 10 AML	RT-qPCR	12 ACC, 14 ACA, 15 AML	FFPE	↑ miR-184, miR-483-5p, miR-483-3p, miR-183-5p	[51]

ACA: adrenocortical adenoma; ACC: adrenocortical carcinoma; AML: adrenal myelolipoma; AT: adrenal tumor; FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; miR: microRNA; NGS: next-generation sequencing; NA: normal adrenal; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.