Table 1.

Chemotherapeutics affecting Pol I transcription.

Drug Type	Drug	Specific Pol I Inhibitor	General Mechanism of Action	Effect on Pol I Transcription	NSP Activation	Clinical Use	References
Alkylating Agent	Cisplatin	No	DNA damage DNA synthesis inhibition	Inhibition—Sequestration of UBF	Yes	Yes	[47,48,49]
	Oxaliplatin	No	DNA damage DNA synthesis inhibition	Inhibition—Sequestration of UBF	Yes	Yes	[47,49,50]
Anti-Metabolite	5-Fluorouracil	No	Uracil analogue Thymidine Synthetase inhibitor Intercalation into DNA and RNA	Inhibition of rRNA processing Intercalation into rRNA	No	Yes	[47]
	Methotoxate	No	Folate analogue Disruption of thymidine synthesis	Inhibition Undetermined mechanism	Yes	Yes	[47]
Antibiotics	Actinomycin D	No	DNA intercalation	Inhibition of transcription elongation	Yes	Yes	[51]
	Doxorubicin	No	DNA intercalation Topoisomerase II inhibitor	Inhibition—Likely prevention of transcription initiation	Yes	Yes	[52]
	Mitoxantrone	No	DNA intercalation Topoisomerase II inhibitor	Inhibition—Likely prevention of transcription initiation	Yes	Yes	[52]
	Mitomycin C	No	DNA alkylation	Inhibition—Undetermined mechanism	Yes	Yes	[47]
Plant Alkaloids	Campthotecin	No	Topoisomerase inhibitor DNA intercalation	Inhibition—Undetermined mechanism	Yes	Yes	[53]
	Irinotecan	No	Topoisomerase inhibitor	Inhibition—Undetermined mechanism	Yes	Yes	[47,53]
	Etoposide	No	Topoisomerase inhibitor	Inhibition—Undetermined mechanism	Yes	Yes	[53]
	Ellipticine derivatives	No	SL-1 displacement Topoisomerase II inhibitor	Inhibition of transcription initiation	Yes	Failed clinical trial phase II	[54]
Specific Pol I Inhibitors	CX-3543	No	Dissociation of Nucleolin-rDNA G-quadruplex complexes	Inhibition—Undetermined mechanism	Yes	Clinical trial phase II	[55]
	CX-5461	No	Disruption of interaction between SL-1 and Pol I at the rRNA promoter	Inhibition of transcription initiation	Yes	Clinical trial phase II	[56]
	BMH-21	No	Degradation of RPA194 and displacement of RRN3	Inhibition of transcription elongation	No	No	[57]