Table 1.
Summary of the NASA GeneLab datasets for samples exposed to cosmic radiation during spaceflight or analogous ground-based radiation experiments curated for analysis.
| GLDS | Condition | Dose (mGy) | Radiation Type * | Species | Tissue/Cell Culture | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63 | Spaceflight | 1.04 | LEO | Rat | Mammary | [25,26,27] |
| 52 | Spaceflight | 1.54 | LEO | Human | Endothelial cells (HUVEC) | [28,29] |
| 114 | Spaceflight | 1.83 | LEO | Human | Fibroblast cells (AG01522) | [30] |
| 21 | Spaceflight | 2.19 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Skeletal muscle | [31,32,33] |
| 4 | Spaceflight | 3.25 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Thymus | [32,34] |
| 47 | Spaceflight | 4.62 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Liver | [35] |
| 25 | Spaceflight | 4.66 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Liver | [32,33,36,37,38,39,40,41,42] |
| 98 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Adrenal gland | [32] |
| 99 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Muscle (extensor digitorum longus) | [32] |
| 100 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Eye | [43] |
| 101 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Muscle (gastrocnemius) | [32] |
| 102 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Kidney | [32] |
| 103 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Muscle (quadriceps) | [32] |
| 104 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Muscle (soleus) | [32] |
| 105 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Muscle (tibialis anterior) | [32] |
| 168 | Spaceflight | 7.78 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Liver | [42,44] |
| 242 | Spaceflight | 8.03 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Liver | [45] |
| 161 | Spaceflight | 9.20 | LEO | Mouse (BALB/C) | Adrenal gland | [46] |
| 162 | Spaceflight | 9.20 | LEO | Mouse (BALB/C) | Eye | [47] |
| 163 | Spaceflight | 9.20 | LEO | Mouse (BALB/C) | Kidney | [48] |
| 168 | Spaceflight | 9.20 | LEO | Mouse (BALB/C) | Liver | [42,44] |
| 61 | Spaceflight | 28.80 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Skin | [32,49] |
| 111 | Spaceflight | 29.90 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Muscle (extensor digitorum longus) | [5,32,33] |
| 111 | Spaceflight | 29.90 | LEO | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Muscle (soleus) | [5,32,33] |
| 80 | Ground | 100 | Silicon | Mouse (BALB/C) | Mammary tissue | [50] |
| 109 | Ground | 150 | Iron | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Cardiomyocytes | [29,51] |
| 80 | Ground | 300 | Silicon | Mouse (BALB/C) | Mammary tissue | [50] |
| 73 | Ground | 500 | Iron | Human | Bronchial epithelial cells | [52] |
| 73 | Ground | 500 | Silicon | Human | Bronchial epithelial cells | [52] |
| 117 | Ground | 900 | Proton | Mouse (C57BL/6) | Cardiomyocytes | [29,51] |
| 73 | Ground | 1000 | Iron | Human | Bronchial epithelial cells | [52] |
| 73 | Ground | 1000 | Silicon | Human | Bronchial epithelial cells | [52] |
* LEO: low Earth orbit radiation for flight experiments is due to a combination of cosmic radiation (protons, galactic cosmic rays (GCR), and heavier ions) as well as protons trapped in Earth radiation belts.