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. 2020 Jan 28;9(2):314. doi: 10.3390/cells9020314

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Circadian rhythms (CRs) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Relationship between PD, CRs, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Alterations in clock genes and the melatonin pathway contribute to the dysregulation of circadian sleep rhythmicity. CRs deregulation leads to metabolism alterations (i.e., oxidative stress) and neuroinflammation contributing to PD.