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Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in PD. Neuronal death induced by neuroinflammation is caused by several pathways involving oxidative stress in PD. Bcl-xL: B-cell lymphoma-extra-large; CXCL12: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; NF-κB: nuclear factor κB; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
