Table 3.
Non-plant enzymes synthesizing dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnN’s).
| Enzyme | Organism | Reaction (E, Enzyme) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7) |
Photinus pyralis | 1st step: E + luciferin + pppA → → E-luciferin~pA + PPi 2nd step: E-luciferin~pA + pppN → → AppppN+ luciferin + E |
[99] |
| GTP:GTP guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.45) |
Artemia salina, Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1st step: E + pppN ↔ E~pN + PPi 2nd step: E~pN + pppN → NppppN′ + E |
[154] |
| UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.9) |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1st step: glucose-1-P + pppU → → Upp-glucose + PPi 2nd step: Upp-glucose + pppN → → UppppN + glucose-1-P |
[100] |
| Acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) |
Pseudomonas fragi | 1st step: Fatty acid + pppA ↔ ↔ acyl~pA + PPi 2nd step: acyl~pA + pppA → → AppppA + fatty acid |
[106,107] |
| RNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.3) |
T4 phage | E-pA + pppN ↔ E + AppppN | [111] |
| DNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.1) |
T4 phage, Pyrococcus furiosus | E-pA + pppN ↔ E + AppppN | [105,108,109,110] |
| Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.6) |
Escherichia coli | 1st step: E + lysine + pppA ↔ ↔ lysyl~pA + PPi 2nd step: E:lysyl~pA + pppN → → AppppN + lysine + E |
[86] |