Table 1.
Physiological parameters of leaves treated with herbicidal compounds. The formulation contained vegetable oil and adjuvants. Cynara cardunculus extract was used at 31 g L−1 and glyphosate was used at its commercial concentration (7.5 g L−1).
| Parameters | Distilled Water | Formulation Compounds | Formulated C. cardunculus Extract | Glyphosate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDA (nmol g−1 FM−1) | 4.95 ± 3.05 B | 5.59 ± 5.21 B | 42.80 ± 8.71 A | 56.77 ±9.76 A |
| H2O2 (nmol g−1 FM−1) | 1.18 ± 0.79 B | 2.25 ±1.37 B | 17.63 ± 2.13 A | 4.91 ± 0.92 B |
| C (µs Cm−1) | 188.20 ± 8.8 B | 300.00 ± 13.33 B | 961.50 ± 125.66 A | 915.00 ± 33.33 A |
Values in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05, as established by Tukey’s test.