Figure 1.

GA-TPP⁺C₁₀ decreases the cell viability and produces cell cycle arrest in G₁-phase breast cancer (BC) cells. (A) Chemical structure of 10-([(2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]decyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide (GA-TPP⁺C₁₀). (B) Effect of GA-TPP⁺C₁₀ on the MTT reduction of a panel of BC cells after 24 and 48 h and in (C) MCF7 spheroids. (D,E) Effect of GA-TPP⁺C₁₀ on cell cycle distribution after 24 and 48 h in MCF7 and (F,G) MDA-MB-231 cells, measured by flow cytometry. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. the G₁-phase control.