Table 1.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of OS in GBM patients.
| Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value | Hazard Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| Age (yrs) | 1.029 | 1.018–1.040 | 0.000 | 1.028 | 1.017–1.039 | 0.000 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1 | |||||
| Female | 0.900 | 0.713–1.137 | 0.377 | |||
| Side | ||||||
| Left | 1 | |||||
| Right | 1.124 | 0.898–1.406 | 0.308 | |||
| Tumor Site | ||||||
| Precentral | 1 | |||||
| Retrocentral | 1.092 | 0.825–1.446 | 0.539 | 0.954 | 0.718–1.267 | 0.745 |
| Temporal + Insular | 1.250 | 0.961–1.626 | 0.097 | 1.286 | 0.986–1.677 | 0.063 |
| Radiological Features | ||||||
| Ependymal involvement (yes vs no) | 1.135 | 0.890–1.448 | 0.309 | |||
| Corpus Callosum involvement (yes vs no) | 1.012 | 0.799–1.281 | 0.922 | |||
| Necrotic-cystic component (yes vs no) | 0.923 | 0.725–1.176 | 0.517 | |||
| Midline shift (yes vs no) | 0.970 | 0.775–1.214 | 0.789 | |||
| Preoperative Tumoral Volume computed on postcontrast T1-weighted images, cm3 | 1.001 | 0.996–1.006 | 0.652 | |||
| Preoperative Tumoral Volume computed on T2-weighted images, cm3 | 0.993 | 0.991–0.995 | 0.000 | 0.997 | 0.995–1.000 | 0.058 |
| Preoperative ΔT1/T2 MRI Index | 1.022 | 1.017–1.026 | 0.000 | 1.016 | 1.009–1.022 | 0.000 |
| Residual tumor, cm3 | 1.085 | 1.067–1.103 | 0.000 | 0.962 | 0.925–1.000 | 0.053 |
| EOR (continuous variable) | 0.946 | 0.938–0.954 | 0.000 | 0.937 | 0.923–0.950 | 0.000 |
| EOR (categorical variable) | ||||||
| EOR = 100% | 1 | |||||
| 99% ≤ EOR ≤ 90% | 1.755 | 1.314–2.343 | 0.000 | |||
| 89% ≤ EOR ≤ 80% | 2.477 | 1.757–3.492 | 0.000 | |||
| EOR ≤ 79% | 6.300 | 4.537–8.748 | 0.000 | |||
| Biological Features | ||||||
| MGMT promoter methylation (yes vs no) | 0.605 | 0.482–0.760 | 0.000 | 0.606 | 0.480–0.765 | 0.000 |
| IDH 1/2 mutation (yes vs no) | 0.638 | 0.423–0.964 | 0.033 | 0.925 | 0.605–1.416 | 0.721 |
| Ki67 | 1.001 | 0.995–1.007 | 0.725 | |||
Table showing the influence of different factors on the OS rates as per univariate survival analysis and multivariate analysis on the entire GBM patients cohort. (p-value < 0.05 at Log-rank test). Boldfacing values represent statistical significant results (p < 0.05). CI = confidence interval; p-value = level of marginal significance; MRI = magnetic resonance image; preoperative ΔT1/T2 MRI Index = ratio between pre-operative tumoral volume on post-contrast T1-weighted and T2 weighted images; EOR = extent of resection; CWs = Carmustine Wafers; RT = radiotherapy; CT = chemotherapy; MGMT = O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl-transferase; IDH = isocitrate dehydrogenase; OS = overall survival.