Table 2.
Gender-specific differences in artemisinin and deoxyartemisinin distribution to tissues in artemisinin- and DLA-treated rats.
| Artemisinin Treated | DLA Treated | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artemisinin (µg AN/g tissue/g AN delivered ± SD) | Deoxyartemisinin (µg DeoxyAN/g tissue/g AN delivered ± SD) | Artemisinin (µg AN/g tissue/g AN delivered ± SD) | Deoxyartemisinin (µg DeoxyAN/g tissue/g AN delivered ± SD) | |||||
| Tissue | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female |
| Heart | 0.77 ± 0.49 | 2.70 ± 1.87 | 0.097 ± 0.050 | 0.37 ± 0.12 * | 4.30 ± 1.06 | 27.81 ± 7.25 * | 1.02 ± 0.42 | 3.18 ± 1.54 |
| Lungs | 0.79 ± 0.69 | 2.37 ± 0.26 * | 0.055 ± 0.054 | 0.13 ± 0.018 * | 5.26 ± 4.64 | 15.56 ± 4.63 * | 0.70 ± 0.65 | 1.06 ± 0.31 |
| Liver | 0.62 ± 0.30 | 1.23 ± 0.26 * | 0.29 ± 0.19 | 0.88 ± 0.39 | 2.19 ± 3.79 | 8.96 ± 1.40 * | 2.42 ± 0.55 | 4.06 ± 3.18 |
| Spleen | 0.14 ± 0.24 | 2.37 ± 2.05 | 0.19 ± 0.20 | 0.44 ± 0.28 | 6.82 ± 5.03 | 17.49 ± 21.37 | 3.38 ± 2.79 | 3.69 ± 1.83 |
| Kidneys | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.074 ± 0.12 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.048 ± 0.096 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.35 ± 0.23 | 0.00 ± 0.00* |
| Muscle | 0.019 ± 0.034 | 3.41 ± 0.85 * | 0.025 ± 0.018 | 0.25 ± 0.049 * | 2.99 ± 1.68 | 20.84 ± 2.26 * | 0.57 ± 0.15 | 2.31 ± 0.93 * |
| Testes/Ovaries | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| Brain | 0.22 ± 0.38 | 2.05 ± 0.35 * | 0.038 ± 0.043 | 0.075 ± 0.034 | 2.02 ± 1.96 | 15.00 ± 1.31 * | 0.18 ± 0.12 | 1.30 ± 0.36 * |
| Serum | 1.29 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.75 | 0.10 ± 0.061 | 0.24 ± 0.20 | 8.90 ± 2.63 | 12.49 ± 9.34 | 1.97 ± 2.10 | 2.97 ± 2.17 |
AN, artemisinin; deoxyAN, deoxyartemisinin; SD, standard deviation; n = 3; *, p ≤ 0.05 when compared to opposite gender.