. 2020 Jan 30;12(2):319. doi: 10.3390/cancers12020319

Table 1.

Current clinical used molecular biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Status	Prevalence	Prognostic Value	Predictive Value		Ref.
Status	Prevalence	Prognostic Value	Non-Metastatic	Metastatic	Ref.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) high	overall: 15% stage II/III: 15% stage IV: 4.5%	Increased overall survival in stage II	× 5-FU monotherapy (stage II) √ FOLFOX (stage III)	√ Immuno-therapy	[11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]
KRAS/NRAS mutation	45%	Bad prognostic (debatable in stage II)	No impact on treatment	× Anti-EGFR therapy	[25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38]
BRAF mutation	7–10%	Bad prognostic especially in the metastatic setting	Currently no impact on treatment	× Anti-EGFR therapy (conflicting data)	[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,39,40,41,42,43]
BRAF mutation	7–10%	Bad prognostic especially in the metastatic setting	Currently no impact on treatment	√ Combi therapy: Anti-BRAF/Anti-EGFR

Benefit: √; No benefit: ×.