Table 5.

Conventional in vivo models used for liver diseases.

Main Models	Models in Specific Diseases	Methods/Agent	Ref.
Classical Animal Models	Liver Fibrosis	CCl4	[120]
		TAA	[121]
		DEN and DMN	[122]
	Experimental obstructive cholestasis	Common bile duct ligation	[123]
	Genetically engineered mice	TGF-β1 transgenic mice	[124]
		PDGF transgenic mice	[125]
		Bcl-xL−/− mice	[126]
Animal Models of specific Liver Diseases	Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis	DDC diet	[127]
		Abcd4−/− mice	[128]
		Cftr−/− mice	[129]
	Primary Biliary Cholangitis	Spontaneous Mouse Models	[130]
		Chemical Xenobiotics–Immunized Mice	[131]
	Autoimmune Hepatitis	Concanavalin A Hepatitis	[132]
		BALB/c Strain TGF-β1−/− mice	[133]
		NTx-PD-1−/− Mice	[134]
		Alb-HA/CL4-TCR Mice	[135]
		Ad-2D6–Infected Mice	[136]
	Alcoholic Liver Diseases	Acute binge ethanol–feeding model	[137]
		Liquid diet model	[138]
		Intragastric ethanol infusion model	[139]
		Chronic plus binge ethanol feeding model	[140]
	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	Genetic models	[119]
		Dietary models	[141]
	Hepatitis C	Inducible-HCV transgenic mice	[142]
		Genetically humanized mouse models	[143]
	Hepatitis B	Animals That Permit HBV Infection and HBV-Associated Viruses That Infect Animals	[144]
		HBV Transgenic Mice	[145]
		Human Hepatocyte Chimeric Mice	[146]

CCl₄, carbon tetrachloride; TAA, thioacetamide; DEN, diethylnitrosamine; DMN, dimethylnitrosamine; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; Cftr, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; DDC, 3,5-diethoxycarboncyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine.