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. 2020 Feb 10;9(2):400. doi: 10.3390/cells9020400

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Graphic presentation of mechanism of action of oncolytic virus encoding IL-12. (A) Infection of tumor with oncolytic virus encoding IL-12 (OV-IL12). (B) OV-IL12 replicates in and kills cancer cells (i.e., oncolysis) and releases IL-12 in the tumor microenvironment. (C) Neoantigens from lysed cancer cells activate and recruit dendritic cells (DCs) into the tumor microenvironment. DCs process neoantigens, travel to nearest lymphoid organs, and present the antigen to T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells). (D,E) T cells migrate to the site of infection (referred as tumor-infiltrating T cells or TILs), differentiate into Th1 cells, produce anti-tumor cytokines and kill cancer cells. (F) IL-12-induced production of IFN-γ and interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10) produces anti-angiogenetic effect through reduction of tumoral vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31+ tumor endothelial cells.