Table 2.
Regulation of SFRP1 expression by DNA methylation in cancer.
| Cancer | Description | References |
|---|---|---|
| Breast | Methylation of SFRP1 was significantly different according to the breast cancer molecular subtypes. Low methylation of SFRP1 was detected in basal-like subtype compared to luminal A, luminal B, and HER2 subtypes. SFRP1 may potentially serve as epigenetic biomarker. | [9] |
| Breast | Hypermethylation of SFRP1 was frequently found in breast cancer and caused a reduction of SFRP1 expression. Methylation of SFRP1 indicates poor prognosis in ER+/HER2. | [45] |
| Breast | Aberrant methylation of SFRP1 was observed in 96 breast cancer Chinese patients. This study also showed that methylation of SFRP1 negatively regulates the expression level. | [46] |
| Glioma | Hypermethylation of SFRP1 was associated with poor survival of patients (within 1–3 months after tumor resection). Low methylation of SFRP1 was discovered in the longer survival group. Moreover, methylated SFRP1 frequently occurred in the patients that exhibit higher-grade tumors. This study suggests the hypermethylated SFRP1 as a potential prognostic biomarker in glioma. | [47] |
| Glioma | The methylation level of SFRP1 increases with higher astrocytoma grades and is the highest in glioblastoma. SFRP1 is epigenetically silenced and involved in the progression of glioma. | [48] |
| Glioma | Hydrogen peroxide reverses the methylation of SFRP1 in U251 glioma cells. The demethylation of SFRP1 leads to the activation of this gene and was partially involved in the apoptosis process of the hydrogen-peroxide-induced U251 cells. | [49] |
| Ovarian | Loss of SFRP1 protein expression caused by promoter hypermethylation was observed in the subset of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. | [20] |
| Ovarian | Aberrant methylation and low expression of SFRP1 were associated with epithelial ovarian cancer. The activation of this gene inhibits the tumor growth through inactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway. This study further showed that the SFRP1 over-expression in the in vivo model could inhibit the growth of cancer cells. | [50] |
| Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | Aberrant methylation of SFRP1 was observed in 30.2% of non-M3 AML patients, and SFRP1 expression was negatively correlated with its promoter methylation. | [51] |
| Malignant pleural mesothelioma | Long-term asbestos exposure led to hypermethylation of SFRP1 and reduced gene expression in the mesothelium. | [52] |