Table 1.

TWEAK is a multifactorial cytokine that regulates biological processes in different cardiac and vascular cell types.

Cellular Response	Cell Type(s)	Pathology	References
Proliferation	Human endothelial cells	In vitro	[44]
	Human smooth muscle cells	In vitro	[44]
	Rat endothelial cells	Angiogenesis in rat corneas	[44]
	Mice endothelial cells	Arthritis	[45]
	Mice smooth muscle cells	Restenosis	[21]
	Post-natal rat cardiomyocytes	In vitro	[31]
	Rat cardiac fibroblasts	In vitro	[32]
Migration	Human endothelial cells	In vitro	[33,46]
	Rat aortic smooth muscle cells	In vitro	[35]
	Mice smooth muscle cells	In vitro	[21]
Survival	Cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2	In vitro/rat ischemia/reperfusion model	[47]
Differentiation	Mice Smooth muscle cells. (Contractile-Synthetic)	In vitro/In vivo in diabetes- induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice	[35]
	Human endothelial cells (Endothelial activation/Expression of Adhesion molecules)	In vitro	[46]
	Mice endothelial cells (Endothelial activation/Expression of Adhesion molecules)	In vivo in diabetes induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice	[35]
	Bone marrow-derived macrophages. (Lipid uptake/Foam cells formation)	In vitro	[48]
	Human vascular smooth muscle cells (Osteogenic transition/Calcification)	In vitro	[49]
	Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (Prothrombotic phenotype/Expression of Prothrombotic factors)	In vitro	[50]
	Adult rat cardiomyocytes (Hypertrophy)	In vitro	[51]