SAA induced increase in urinary protein in SAA treated mice. Male ApoE−/− mice were allocated into 4 treatment arms and administered with vehicle (control), LPS, SAA alone, or SAA in combination with HDL. Urine was collected 4 weeks (left panel A) or 18 weeks (right panel B) after commencement of treatment and analyzed for total protein as described in methods. Data shows mean ± SD for young cohort, with mice numbers control (n = 7), LPS (n = 8), SAA (n = 6), and HDL/SAA (n = 6); and old cohort, control (n = 8), LPS (n = 8), SAA (n = 6), and HDL/SAA (n = 6). * Different to the corresponding control and LPS group, p < 0.05. # Different to the corresponding HDL/SAA group, p < 0.05.