| NMDAR | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor |
| AMPAR | α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor |
| VGCC | Voltage-gated calcium channel |
| NCX | Sodium–Calcium Exchanger |
| RyR | Ryanodine receptor |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| CAMK | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase type II or IV |
| AXT | Astaxanthin |
| RA | Retinoic acid |
| ATRA | All-trans-retinoic acids |
| RAR | Retinoic acid receptor |
| RXR | Retinoid X receptors |
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