Figure 1.

Depicts the complex gestation and stage specific pathophysiological processes associated with preeclampsia. Genetic factors, maternal factors, and immunological factors may cause placental dysfunction (stage I), which in turn leads to the release of anti-angiogenic and other inflammatory mediators that induce preeclampsia (PE) (stage II). AT1: Angiotensin II type I receptor; dNK: Decidual natural killer; HELLP: Haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Treg: Regulatory T-cell.