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. 2020 Feb 19;21(4):1412. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041412

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Angiogenic potential of growth factor mixtures as analyzed by a co-culture of osteogenically induced BM-MSCs and HUVECs. (A) Light microscopic images of tubular structures (visualized by CD31 immunostaining) after 10 days of cultivation in co-culture medium with different growth factor mixtures, (B) number of junctions, (C) total tubule length and (D) nitrate concentration (mean ± SD, n = 3; °° p < 0.01, ***/°°° p < 0.001). -Ctrl: only co-culture medium, +Ctrl: co-culture medium + 20 ng/mL VEGF.