| AP | Alkaline phosphatase |
| BMP | Bone morphogenic protein |
| BMPR-II | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II |
| CaM | Calmodulin |
| CTGF | Connective tissue growth factor |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ERβ | Estrogen receptor β |
| FGF-2 | Fibroblast growth factor-2 |
| 4HR | 4-Hexylresorcinol |
| IP-HPLC | Immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography |
| OC | Osteocalcin |
| OP | Osteopontin |
| Runx2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2 |
| TRACP | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor-β1 |
| TGase-2 | Transglutaminase-2 |
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